考虑繁忙率的多时段救护车优化布局研究

An Improved Model Based on DSM Considering Multi-period Busy Fractionin Ambulance Layout

救护车布局对院前急救服务中需求的响应具有决定性作用。本文重点研究了考虑繁忙率的多时段救护车优化布局问题,在传统双覆盖模型基础上引入救护车繁忙率因素,提出改进后的双覆盖模型。首先计算考虑繁忙率的期望覆盖需求量,进而结合实际,将一天以早晚高峰划分为5个时段,探究不同时段下繁忙率差异带来的不同布局方案。以上海市松江区2014年数据为例,应用改进后的模型进行了系统深入的实证研究,并绘制繁忙率对需求覆盖率的影响曲线。结果表明,本文提出的布局方案比实际方案得到的期望覆盖需求量提高了3.19%,比传统双覆盖模型得到的期望覆盖需求量提高了0.54%,证明了改进后模型的有效性;需求覆盖率曲线随繁忙率增加而下降,与实际意义相符。该方法能够直观简洁地得出救护车布局方案,利于院前急救服务水平的提升,为社会安全提供有力保障。

he ambulance layout plays a decisive role in the response to the needs of the pre-hospital emergency services.This paper focuses on the optimal layout of ambulances with multi-period busy fractions.Based on the traditional DSM(the Double Standard Model),this paper considers the busy fraction of an ambulance,and therefore,proposes an improved model.First,we calculate the expected coverage of demands considering the busy fraction,and then combine the reality,and divide one day by morning and evening peaks into 5 periods to explore the different layout schemes in different periods.Using the real data of Songjiang District in 2014,this paper applies the improved model to carry out a systematic and in-depth empirical study,and draws the curve of the impact of busy fraction on the coverage rate of demand.The results show that the expected coverage of demands obtained by proposed layout scheme is 3.19%higher than the actual scheme,and 0.54%higher than DSM scheme.This proves the effectiveness of the improved model,and the demand coverage curve decreases with the increase of the busy fraction,which is consistent with the practical significance.The proposed model provides an intuitive and concise way to obtain the layout scheme,which is conducive to the improvement of pre-hospital emergency service level,and provides a strong guarantee for social security.