辣木叶提取物对蛋鸭抗氧化、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响

Effects of Moringa leaf extract on antioxidant index,lipid metabolism and immune function of laying ducks

为研究饲粮中添加不同水平的辣木叶提取物对蛋鸭抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响,试验选用25周龄体况健康、体重相近的金定鸭480只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1、1.5 g/kg和2 g/kg辣木叶提取物的饲粮。试验期63 d。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,1.5、2 g/kg组血清和蛋黄中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增强,1.5 g/kg组血清和蛋黄SOD活性分别提高了17.3%和30.2%,2 g/kg组血清和蛋黄SOD分别提高了31.1%和43.9%(P <0.05);与对照组相比,2 g/kg组血清和蛋黄中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高,分别提高了14.2%和15.5%(P <0.05),蛋黄中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,降低了16.6%(P <0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,1.5、2 g/kg组血清和蛋黄中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著提高,1.5 g/kg组血清和蛋黄HDL-C含量分别提高了17.1%和9.2%,2 g/kg组血清和蛋黄HDL-C含量分别提高了26.1%和20.9%(P <0.05);2 g/kg组蛋黄中总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)含量显著降低,分别降低了14.3%和15.9%(P <0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,1.5、2 g/kg组十二指肠s IgA含量分别增加了41.8%和65.6%(P <0.05),2 g/kg组血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量显著增加,分别增加了16.5%、47.5%和35.4%(P <0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加辣木叶提取物可以改善血清和蛋黄抗氧化性能、调节脂质代谢和增加蛋鸭免疫球蛋白的分泌量,以添加量为2 g/kg时效果最佳。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary different levels of Moringa leaf extract on antioxidant index,lipid metabolism and immune function of laying ducks.Four hundred and eighty healthy laying ducks aged at 25 weeks with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 24 ducks per replicate.Ducks on the control group were fed a basal diet,and others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 1,1.5,2 g/kg Moringa leaf extract,respectively.The test period was 63 days.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the serum and egg yolk of the 1.5,2 g/kg groups were significantly enhanced,and the activities of SOD in the serum and egg yolk of the 1.5 g/kg group was increased by 17.3%and 30.2%.The 2 g/kg group's serum and egg yolk SOD increased by 31.1%and 43.9%,respectively(P<0.05);Compared with the control group,the glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity in the serum and egg yolk of the 2 g/kg group was increased by 14.2%and 15.5%(P<0.05),and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in egg yolk was significantly reduced by 16.6%(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)content in serum and egg yolk of the 1.5,2 g/kg groups increased significantly,and the HDL-C content of serum and egg yolk in the 1.5 g/kg group was increased by 17.1%and 9.2%,HDL-C content in serum and egg yolk in the 2 g/kg group was increased by 26.1%and 20.9%,respectively(P<0.05);The content total cholesterol(TC)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)was significantly reduced by 14.3%and 15.9%,respectively(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,the duodenal sIgA content in the 1.5,2 g/kg groups was increased by 41.8%and 65.6%(P<0.05),and the serum IgG,IgA and IgM contents in the 2 g/kg group were increased by 16.5%,47.5%and 35.4%(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding Moringa leaf extract to diets could improve the antioxidant properties of serum and egg yolk,regulate lipid metabolism and increase the secretion of immunoglobulin in egg duck.The effect was best when the added amount was 2 g/kg.