玉米播期和密度对间作魔芋农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of maize sowing date and planting density on agronomic traits and yields of konjac intercropped with maize

为探讨玉米播期和种植密度对间作魔芋农艺性状及产量的影响,对玉米播期设3个水平(早播A1:魔芋10%出苗时播种玉米;中播A2:魔芋50%出苗时播种玉米;晚播A3:魔芋90%出苗时播种玉米);玉米种植密度设3个水平(高密度B1:4.17万株·hm^−2;中密度B2:2.08万株·hm^−2;低密度B3:1.39万株·hm^−2)。在魔芋的展叶末期测量魔芋的农艺性状,并对魔芋和玉米产量进行实收测产,分析土地复合产值。结果表明:随着玉米播期的推迟,魔芋株高、叶柄直径、地下球茎和玉米产量降低;随着玉米种植密度的降低,魔芋叶盘直径和地下球茎产量增大,魔芋株高和玉米产量下降。不同玉米播期和种植密度对魔芋叶柄直径和地下球茎产量产生显著的交互作用;不同玉米播期采用何种密度对魔芋叶盘直径、魔芋株高、魔芋叶面球茎产量和玉米产量都不产生显著影响。单独种植魔芋时,魔芋叶盘直径、叶柄直径、魔芋叶面球茎产量最大,而魔芋株高和地下球茎产量最低。在魔芋零星出苗(10%)时,以1.39万株·hm^−2的密度间作玉米,可获得较高的经济效益。

Konjac(Amorphophallus kongjac)was intercropped with maize to observe the effects of different sowing dates and planting densities of maize on the agronomic traits and yields konjac.Konjac was intercropped with maize at three sowing dates(A1:Konjac seedlings at an emergence rate of 10%;A2:Konjac seedlings at an emergence rate of 50%;A3:Konjac seedlings at an emergence rate of 90%),and at three planting densities(B1:41700 plants·hm^−2;B2:20800 plants·hm^−2;B3:13900 plants·hm^−2).The agronomic traits of konjac at the end of the konjac leaf expansion,the yields of konjac and maize and land outputs were determined.The results showed that with the delay of maize sowing dates,the plant heights,petiole diameters and yield of underground corms of konjac,and maize yield decreased.With the decrease of maize planting densities,the leaf diameter and the yield of underground corms of konjac increased,while the konjac plant heights and maize yield decreased.Different maize sowing dates and planting densities had significant interaction effects on both konjac petiole diameter and the yield of underground corm.The maize densities used in different sowing dates did not have significant effect on the leaf diameters,plant heights,yield of aboveground corm of konjac,and yield of maize.When solely planted,kongjac was the highest in leaf diameters,petiole diameters and aboveground corm yield,but the lowest in plant heights and underground corm yield.The land had a higher output value when konjac was intercropped with maize at a density of 13,900 plants/ha at the maize sowing date when konjac had an emergence rate of 10%.