东北虎和野猪声音与太阳能警示灯防控野猪危害及经济阈值研究

Study on the Economic Threshold of Wild Boar Damage Under the Countermeasures of Amur Tiger's and Wild Boar's Sound and Solar Blinker

2018年8—10月在吉林省珲春地区利用东北虎Panthera tigris altaica声音、野猪Sus scrofa惨叫声和太阳能警示灯开展了野猪危害防控及经济阈值研究。本研究设置依次播放东北虎声音15 s、野猪惨叫声15 s、叠加播放30 s、空白5 min(A组),播放东北虎声音1 min、空白5 min(B组),放置1000 mA的红色太阳能警示灯(C组)和空白对照组(D组),每组5个样地。所有样地均设置在与森林毗邻的农田,声音从傍晚至黎明持续播放,太阳能警示灯为光控开关。每天07∶00—07∶30检查24 h内防控措施50 m范围内是否出现野猪危害农田的现象并记录。采用Mann-Whitney U检验对不同防控措施的防控效果的差异性进行分析,对玉米Zea mays损失率与进入样地野猪数量进行回归分析。研究结果表明:(1)实验组与对照组的防控有效期差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。其中,A组和C组的防控有效期较长,分别为(27.00±1.87)d和(31.80±3.56)d,对照组的为(1.80±0.75)d;(2)A组的玉米损失率及经济损失均值最低,分别为(4.41±2.24)%和(639.04±289.15)元,对照组最高,玉米损失率及经济损失分别为(48.33±5.42)%和(6703.38±412.20)元;(3)玉米的损失率(y)与进入样地的野猪数量(x)之间的最佳回归方程为y=0.095-0.116x+0.048x 2;(4)每公顷农田进入野猪数量即防治经济阈值达到(2.09±0.28)头/hm 2和(2.15±0.18)头/hm 2时,应分别按照A组和C组设置防控措施。本研究探索野猪危害防控措施对降低管理成本具有重要的参考意义,也为其他野生动物的危害防控研究提供借鉴。

From August to October in 2018,the economic threshold of the countermeasures of the wild boar(Sus scrofa)damages has been carried out using the sound of the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica),the screaming of S.scrofa and the solar blinker in Hunchun Area,Jilin Province.Four experimental groups(5 plots per group)including the sound of the screaming of P.t.altaica(15 s),S.scrofa(15 s)and superposition of them(30 s)with 5 min interval repeatedly(group A),the sound of P.t.altaica for 1 min with 5 min interval(group B),the 1000 mA red solar blinker(group C)and blank matched group(group D),were set.All the plots were set in the farmland adjacent to the forest.The sounds were played continuously from dusk to dawn,and the solar blinker was controlled by light switch.The damage of S.scrofa within 24 h on farmland within 50 m of the countermeasures was recorded from 07∶00 to 07∶30 each day.The effect of countermeasures was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test,and the relationship between corn(Zea mays)loss rate and the number of S.scrofa were analyzed by the regression fitting analysis.The results showed that:(1)There were significant differences in the validity period between the experimental groups and the control group(P=0.001).The validity periods of groups A and C were longer(27.00 d±1.87 d and 31.80 d±3.56 d)than the control group(1.80 d±0.75 d);(2)The corn loss rate(4.41%±2.24%)and economic loss(639.04 yuan±289.15 yuan)were the lowest in group A,while the highest values were detected in the control group(48.33%±5.42%and 6703.38 yuan±412.20 yuan,respectively);(3)The regression equation between the loss rate of corn(y)and the number of S.scrofa(x)was y=0.095-0.116 x+0.048 x 2;(4)When the number of S.scrofa per hectare reached 2.09±0.28 and 2.15±0.18,the countermeasures in groups A and C should be taken respectively.This study provides a reference for the effective control of S.scrofa damages and the decrease in the management cost and also contributes to the research on the other wildlife damage control.