园艺作物单性结实功能基因研究进展

Review on Functional Genes Involved in Parthenocarpy Formation in Horticultural Crops

单性结实是指植物子房未经授粉受精或其他刺激而能发育形成果实的现象,这种特性在园艺作物生产中能减轻不良环境引起的落花落果,提高坐果率和产量。此外,由于单性结实果实未经授粉受精过程多发育成无籽果实,其可食率和品质也显著提高。因此,强单性结实性是园艺作物良种培育的重要目标之一。植物激素在诱导单性结实形成中发挥了重要作用,本研究总结了植物激素(主要是生长素,细胞分裂素和赤霉素)合成、代谢及信号转导相关基因对园艺作物单性结实性形成的调控机制,为园艺作物单性结实发生机制的深入研究提供参考。

Parthenocarpy is natural or artificial induction of fruit set and development without fertilization or other stimulation.Naturally occurring(genetic)parthenocarpy is one important agronomic character of horticultural crop,which could alleviate the blossom and fruit dropping effectively and improve the fruit setting ratio and production.In addition,the ratio of edible parts and fruit quality was significantly improved because of the formation of seedless fruit.Therefore,strong parthenocarpy of horticultural crops has long been recognized as an important characteristic in breeding.The parthenocarpy of horticultural crops is mainly related to endogenous phytohormone levels,which could be enhanced by exogenous application of auxin,cytokinin,gibberellin acid and other plant growth regulators.In the present paper,we summarized the genetic and molecular mechanism of parthenocarpy,and the genes which control the information of parthenocarpy in different horticultural crops.