我国市域学校体育场地空间分布特征及影响因素研究

Spatial Distribution Features and Influential Factors of Municipal-Scale Schools Sports Venues in China

依据第六次全国体育场地普查基础数据,基于ESDA方法,选取我国31个省87833个市域中小学体育场地的POI(pint of Interest)数据,从平均中心、空间自相关、核密度、标准差椭圆、冷热点等多个指标,对我国市域学校体育场地空间分布特征及影响因素进行分析。研究发现,我国学校体育场地发展与我国人口和经济发展的中心趋势明显,体育场地平均中心、人口中心和经济中心“三中心”地理空间坐标基本吻合;学校体育场地空间分布形成一条距胡焕庸线以东偏移701 km的体育场地分界线,场地数量在分界线东半壁占比63.79%,且整体呈现东南地区密集分布、西北地区稀疏分布的格局;学校体育场地以低值聚集-随机分布为主,形成了高—高聚集和低—低聚集的两极分布,体育场地标准差椭圆长轴“东北—西南”方向为高值聚集区,短轴“西北—东南”方向为低值聚集区;学校体育场地冷热点等级沿标准差椭圆短轴自东向西依次呈现热点区、次冷点区、次热点区和冷点区的梯度分布,且“东热西冷”的空间格局显著。表明我国市域学校体育场地冷热点格局分布是多因素综合作用的结果,海拔高度是影响学校体育场地冷热点分布的必要非线性客观限制因素,在校生人数是必要非线性客观条件因素,而教育经费投入则是必要且充分的刚性影响因素。

According to the sixth National Sports Venue Census,using the ESDA method,selecting 87833 POI(pint of Interest)data from municipal-scale school sports venues in 31 provinces of China,this paper studied the spatial distribution features and influential factors of school sports venues spatial feature in China with the view of municipal-scale.The results showed that the central trend of the school sports venues development,population development and economic development are obvious,there is basically consistent of geospatial coordinates between stadium center,population center and economic center,the development of the school sports venues has formed an stadium dividing line which deviates Hu Huanyong Line 701km away from the east,the number of school sports venues is 63.79%in the eastern half of the stadium dividing line,and the overall distribution status is densely distributed in the southeast and sparsely distributed in the northwest.The stadium space is mainly dominated by aggregate-random distribution forming a bipolar distribution pattern of H-H and L-L cluster area;the long-axis direction of the school sports venues standard ellipse is a high-value gathering area,the short-axis direction is a low-value gathering area.The distribution condition of cold and hot spots in municipal-scale school sports venues is a result of multi-factorial influences,altitude is a necessary non-linear objective limiting factor,the number of enrolled students is a necessary non-linear objective condition factor,while education funding is a necessary and rigid influential factor for sport hot spot.