乒乓球运动员在不同提示条件下知觉发球旋转方式的脑电活动特征

Electrical Activity of Brain on Perceptual Judgment for Service Types under Different Kinds of Cuing Conditions of Table Tennis Athletes

目的:探讨乒乓球运动员在不同提示条件下知觉发球旋转方式的脑电活动特征。方法:采用“提示范式”,15名乒乓球二级运动员(专家组)和与之相匹配的15名专项大学生(新手组),依据3D模拟的包含发球时乒乓球触拍部位和拍型的信息结构图片,在不同提示条件下知觉发球旋转方式。试验过程中,采用64导事件相关电位系统(ERPs)记录与分析脑电活动数据,E-Prime2.0软件采集行为反应数据。试验后,利用SPSS19.0软件统计分析反应时、反应正确率等行为数据,以及N1、P3等事件诱发脑电成分的潜伏期、波幅数据。结果:(1)专家在有效提示条件下的反应时显著短于无效提示条件(P<0.01),反应正确率显著高于无效提示和中性提示条件(P<0.001);(2)专家在有效提示条件下的N1成分波幅显著小于无效提示条件(P<0.05);(3)专家在有效提示条件下的P3成分波幅显著小于无效提示条件(P<0.01)。结论:(1)乒乓球运动员识别发球旋转方式的速度快、准确性高,行为反应上的启动效应显著;(2)乒乓球运动员对发球模式中的特征感知迅速,相关脑区的激活程度更高,额-中央区N1成分波幅启动效应显著;(3)乒乓球运动员采取了更为有效的加工策略,促进记忆编码,额-中央区、顶-枕区P3成分波幅启动效应显著。而乒乓球专项大学生无论在行为反应,还是脑电活动特征方面均未出现显著的启动效应。这说明,乒乓球运动员长时记忆系统中可能存在若干由球触拍部位和拍型2个特征构成的简化的信息结构模式,使其能够快速有效的识别发球旋转方式。

Objective:This study was to explore electrical activity of brain on table tennis athletes’perceptual judgment for service types under different kinds of cuing conditions.Methods:By using cuing paradigm,skilled table tennis athletes(15 experts)and less-skilled college students(15 novices)were compared when they were recognizing service types under different kinds of cuing conditions according to the 3D pictures including hitting positions and bat models.The data on electrical activity of brain were recorded and analyzed by event-related potentials(ERPs)including 64 electrodes,and the behavioral data were recorded by E-Prime2.0 software in the process of experiment.The SPSS19.0 statistical package was used to analyze the above data by the repeated measure ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests after the experiment.Results:The experts’reaction time were significantly shorter(P<0.01)than the invalid cuing condition under the valid cuing condition,and their accurate rate were higher(P<0.001)than the invalid and neutral cuing condition;The valid cuing condition evoked significantly lesser N1 peak amplitude than the invalid cuing condition for the experts group(P<0.05);The valid cuing condition evoked significantly lesser P3 peak amplitude than the invalid cuing condition for the experts group(P<0.01).Conclusions:The skilled table tennis athletes recognize service types more quickly and accurately than the less-skilled college students,and the behavioral data appeared significantly priming effect;The skilled table tennis athletes could quickly perceive features and whose cerebral cortex were more highly activated,at the same time the N1 peak amplitude locating frontocentral scalp regions appeared significantly priming effect;The skilled table tennis athletes could adopt more efficient processing strategies to promote encodings,and the P3 peak amplitude locating fronto-central and parieta-occipital scalp regions also appeared significantly priming effect.However,the priming effect was not significant whether behavior response or electrical activity of brain for the less-skilled college students.These proved that there were some simplified and structural patterns including hitting positions and bat models in the skilled table tennis athletes’long term memory for recognizing service types rapidly and effectively.