家事案件审判程序改革的观察与思考--兼议民法典时代我国家事诉讼立法的必要性

A Reflective Observation on the Reform in the Procedures of Family Cases:Focusing on the Necessity of the Legislation of Family Case Procedures in the Era of the Civil Code

随着我国经济、社会的发展,我国家庭领域的纠纷不断增长,呈现数量高企、矛盾突出、日益复杂、牵涉利益主体多元等多重特征,家事审判遭遇前所未有的挑战,为此,必须进行家事审判改革,尤其是家事审判程序改革。在实践过程中,很多法院已经在家事诉讼程序、家事调解以及家事非讼程序等方面进行了有益探索,形成了一定的程序规范和创新性的制度,如职权审理、本人出庭、调解前置、家事调查、心理疏导、离婚冷静期、离婚财产申报、判后回访、弹性审限等原则和制度。但上述改革仍有一定的局限性,包括法律依据不足,各地零星推进,各自为政,对家事审判程序的规律仍未形成共识等。解决上述问题的关键是推动家事审判程序立法,通过制定“家事诉讼法”来统筹规制家事审判、家事调解、家事非讼等家事案件程序,更好地因应家事纠纷解决的多元需求,实现家事领域的司法正义。

With the development of China's economy and society,the number of disputes in the family field in our country continues to grow,presenting multiple characteristics such as high numbers,prominent contradictions,increasing complexity,and multiple stakeholders involved.Trials of family cases have encountered unprecedented challenges,which calls for relevant reforms and especially for the reform of family trial procedures.In practice,many courts have conducted meaningful explorations in the family litigation process,family mediation,and family non-litigation procedures,and have formed certain procedure norms and innovative systems,including the review of the power and responsibility of the parties involved;requirement of the personal appearance in the court;pre-trial mediation;family investigation;psychological counseling;and the introduction of the cooling-off period before divorce,property declaration before divorce,return visit after judgment,and flexible trial deadlines.However,the above-mentioned reform still has certain limitations,including weak legal basis,insufficient advancement in various areas,and independent governance,and in particular there is still no consensus on the law of family trial procedures.The key to solving the problems mentioned above is to promote the legislation of the family trial procedures.Through the formulation of the“Family Litigation Law”to regulate family litigation procedures like the trial of family cases,family mediation,family non-litigation,we can better respond to the diverse needs of family dispute resolution and achieve the judicial justice in the field of family cases.