先进陶瓷成形技术现状及发展趋势

Status and Development Trend of Advanced Ceramics Forming Technology

先进陶瓷材料因其优异的热、电、力、光学性能,而有着广泛应用。近年来,对先进陶瓷材料性能的要求越来越高,而成形技术则是阻碍陶瓷材料进一步发展的关键问题之一。对先进陶瓷的成形方法进行了一个汇总,包含传统方法以及近年新发展起来的工艺。传统成形方法总体来说有干法成形和湿法成形两大类,干法成形主要是压制成形法;而湿法成形大致可分为塑性成形和浆料成形两类。干法成形起步较早,目前应用最广;湿法成形自动化程度高,可用于更精细的陶瓷成形。近些年,陶瓷成形技术有了较大的发展,特别是陶瓷3D打印成形技术。可以预见,3D打印成形技术将是未来发展的趋势。

Advanced ceramics have wide applications owing to their excellent thermal properties,electrical properties,mechanical properties and optical properties.In recent years,we have higher requirements for the performance of advanced ceramic materials.And its forming process is the key problem hindering the further development of advanced ceramics.In this paper,we summarized the forming methods of advanced ceramics,including traditional methods and newly developed methods.Generally,there are two categories of traditional methods:dry shaping and wet shaping.Dry shaping is the common pressing forming method,while wet shaping mainly includes plastic forming and slurry forming.Dry shaping started earlier,and it's the most widely used method at present.Wet shaping has higher automation,and it's more suitable for fine ceramic forming.Over the past few years,ceramic molding technology has made great progress,especially the 3D printing forming methods.It can be predicted that 3D printing forming methods will be the future development trend.