从东方主义到世界主义:纪德的非洲旅行与书写

From orientalism to cosmopolitanism:AndréGide and the writing of his trips in Africa

非洲是纪德梦萦的东方。他一生偏爱非洲旅行,留下许多见证和反思的文字。青年时期,北非的旅行助他消解灵肉冲突,获得精神解放。东方主义的幻象将非洲化为地上的乐园。中年时期,中非的旅行让纪德见证殖民主义的残暴和罪恶,体悟黑人的隐忍和善良。他的旅行日记揭示文明与野蛮的颠倒,书写非洲遭受的殖民主义灾难。晚年时期,为保持文明的多样性,改变非洲文明的边缘化与失语现状,纪德褒扬非洲文明的独特性,致力于推动文明的互鉴与共存。非洲的旅行和书写见证了他从东方主义走向世界主义的历程。

Africa is the east in AndréGide in dreams.His lifelong preference for African travel left him with many words of testimony and reflection.In his youth,traveling in North Africa mitigated his soul-body conflicts and achieved spiritual eman-cipation.The vision of Orientalism turned Africa into his paradise on earth.In middle age,his travels in Central Africa wit-n essed the brutality and evil of colonialism and perceived the tolerance and nobility of the Africans.His travel diaries revealed atopsy-turvy imag e of inversion on civilization and barbarism and depicted the colonial disaster that befell Africa.In his later ye ars,to maintainthe diversity of civilizations and change the status quo of African civilizations as a marginalized role and loss ofvoices,Gide praised the uniqueness of African civilizations and endeavored to promote mutual learning and coexistence.Therefore,thewriting of his trips in Africa witnessed his journey from Orientalism to cosmopolitanism.