疫情冲击下中国外贸企业面临的困境及应对——基于供求视角

The Dilemma Faced by Chinese Foreign Trade Enterprises Under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Response--Based on the Perspective of Supply and Demand

自新冠肺炎疫情全球暴发以来,中国外贸企业先后遭受了国内停产停工和国外进出口受阻两轮冲击。外贸企业供给和需求两端承压,疫情主要带来了四个方面的影响:一是外需不振,外贸出口订单下滑;二是供给不畅,外贸产业链条承压;三是物流不通,贸易交易成本提高;四是回款不稳,外贸企业现金流紧张。为缓解疫情给中国外贸企业造成的负面影响,需从三个层面给予纾困破局之策:首先是政府层面要进行强有力的政策干预,积极扩大内需,落实外贸便利与降费减税;其次是企业层面要自救转型,大力发展跨境电商,拓展内销渠道,调整市场布局及提升竞争力;最后是金融机构层面要加强信贷支持,提供专项信贷,提升金融服务效率,实施差异化监管。

Since COVID-19 pandemic broke out worldwide,Chinese foreign trade enterprises have suffered from two shocks,namely,the suspension of production and the import and export of foreign trade.The supply and demand of foreign trade enterprises are under pressure at both ends,and the COVID-19 pandemic situation has brought four specific impacts:first,the external demand is not strong,and the foreign trade export orders are declining significantly;second,the supply is blocked,and the industrial chain of foreign trade is under pressure;third,the logistics is not available,and the trade transaction cost is increased;fourth,the collection is not stable,and the cash flow of foreign trade enterprises is tense.To alleviate the negative impact of the epidemic on China's foreign trade enterprises,we need to provide solutions from three aspects.Firstly,the government should carry out strong policy intervention,actively expand domestic demand,implement foreign trade facilitation,and reduce taxes and fees.Secondly,at the enterprise level,we need to save ourselves from transformation,vigorously develop cross-border e-commerce,expand domestic sales channels,adjust market layout and enhance competitiveness.Thirdly,financial institutions should strengthen credit support,provide special credit,improve the efficiency of financial services,and implement differentiated supervision.