美国关于WTO改革的主张、措施及中国的策略选择

The United States'Claims,Measures on WTO Reform and Policy Choices of China

特朗普政府自上任以来,将WTO改革作为其贸易政策议程的优先事项。其WTO改革主张涉及上诉机构职权、非市场经济国家地位、发展中国家待遇、中国履行WTO规则情况等问题。美国为了实现其主张,一方面,通过施压WTO以推动WTO改革朝着“美国利益优先”的方向发展;另一方面,推进双边和区域贸易谈判以谋求规则霸权。美国关于WTO改革的主张和措施不符合WTO规则,对多边贸易体制和全球治理形成了挑战。因此,中国的应对思路可以包括:一是积极破解WTO生存危机;二是坚持发展中国家和市场经济地位;三是建议WTO强化限制单边措施的纪律;四是通过磋商与美国扩大共识。

President Trump has made WTO reform as one of the priority goals in government's trade policy agenda since assuming office.The United States'claims on WTO covers Appeal Body's authority issues in the WTO,the Non-Market Economy status for countries,the treatment of developing countries,China's compliance of WTO rules and other issues.In order to realize its claims,on the one hand,the United States pushes WTO reform to develop in the direction of“U.S.Interests First”by putting pressure on WTO,On the other hand,the United States pushes bilateral and regional trade agreement negotiations to seek trade rule hegemony.The United States'claims and measures of WTO reform are not in line with WTO rules and poses a challenge to the multilateral trading system and global governance.Thus,China could take response as following.First,China should actively crack existential crisis in the WTO and insist on its own position.Second,China should insist on the status of developing country and market economy.Third,China should provide suggestions to strengthen the WTO rules of restrictions on unilateral practices.Fourth,China could expand consensus with the United States through consultation.