“以舞降神”:甲骨卜辞中的乐舞文艺观念

The Ideas about Music and Dance in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

甲骨文是殷人占卜时刻下的记事之辞,其中蕴含着有关乐舞文艺的丰富内容,涉及乐舞的本质、功能等问题。在以"帝"崇拜为核心的文化背景中,殷人一方面将乐舞视作祭祀的重要组成部分,所以它本质上属于一种宗教祭祀活动,其目的是为了娱神;另一方面又对乐舞抱有实用功利的态度,希望通过娱神,发挥它在祈求降雨、征伐胜利以及拔除疾病等方面的积极作用。这体现出"轴心时代"以前的我国乐舞文艺观念具有浓厚的宗教色彩和实用功利的倾向,并对后世文艺观念产生了或突破或继承的影响。

Oracle bone inscriptions are engraved by people of Yin dynasty in the moment of divination,in which contained rich contents of music and dance referring the items of the essence and function of music and dance.In the cultural background of idolizing Di(帝),Yin people regarded music and dance as an important part of the fete ceremony and make music,therefore dance become a kind of sacrificial activity in the essence and with the purpose of entertaining god.In addition,they held an practical attitude to music and dance and hoped that music and dance can play a role in praying for raining,winning victory in wars and getting rid of diseases.These ideas about music and dance in oracle bone inscriptions show the characteristic of religion and practicality in axial period.