0~2岁听障婴幼儿听觉口语法教学策略研究

Teaching Strategies of Auditory-Verbal Therapy for Hearing-Impaired Infants Aged 0-2 Years

目的探究0~2岁听障婴幼儿接受听觉口语法康复1年内的听觉言语发展规律,讨论实施听觉口语法干预第1年的教学策略。方法采用听觉言语评估量表CAP、IT-MAIS、SIR、MUSS对接受听觉口语法康复的90名0~2岁听障婴幼儿的听觉言语发展进行为期1年的追踪研究,通过多重比较分析听障婴幼儿康复干预3、6、9、12个月的听觉言语发展特点。结果听障婴幼儿听觉发展呈持续增长,干预年龄越小,听觉发展越迅速,干预第9个月逐渐进入辨识环境声和言语声阶段;言语清晰度在前6个月进展缓慢,后6个月快速增长;自发言语交流能力呈持续快速增长。结论听障儿童康复干预年龄越早越好,康复训练0~6个月听觉训练重点培建婴幼儿对声音的察觉、分辨能力;言语训练关注理解性语言积累。6~12个月听觉训练加强声音的辨识和理解能力;言语发展起步阶段应鼓励婴幼儿积极运用口语进行沟通,不断提升综合运用口语的能力。

Objective To explore the development of hearing and speech for children with hearing impairment from birth to two within one year after receiving auditory-verbal therapy(AVT)rehabilitation,to discuss how to organize and implement auditoryverbal therapy(AVT),in the first year.Method The research subjects are ninety children from birth to two who received the auditoryverbal therapy(AVT)services.The author compared the speech and language development characteristics at different stages of birth,third,sixth,ninth and twelfth months within the four groups.The assessment scales used were CAP,IT-MAIS,SIR,and MUSS.Result The hearing ability of hearing-impaired infants increased continuously throughout the year,younger the intervention ages are,the faster their auditory skill.The sounds in the environment and speech were gradually identified in the 9th month of intervention.Fluency and intelligibility developed slower in the first half year,while faster at the second half.The consistent growth was found in their spontaneous language skills.Conclusion The younger the rehabilitation intervention ages,the better.In the first half of the intervention period,the infants and young children are mainly trained to detect and distinguish sounds;speech training emphasizes the understanding language accumulation in the pre-language period.In the second half of the year,the ability of identification and understanding is strengthened.At the beginning of speech development,children should be encouraged to express themselves,actively use spoken language to communicate,and continuously improve their ability to use spoken language comprehensively.