基于多尺度秦巴山区生态系统服务权衡协同关系的表达

Multi-scale representation of trade-offs and synergistic relationship among ecosystem services in Qinling-Daba Mountains

秦巴山区是中国南北过渡带,具有明显的多维地带性结构和复杂的地貌特征,从大、中、小不同的空间尺度上研究生态系统服务权衡协同关系,为区域间的山水林田湖草生态保护提供基础性参考。从全域、综合分区、典型样区、样点间隔4个尺度分析秦巴山区2005—2015年植被净初级生产力(NPP)、粮食生产、土壤保持、生境质量、水资源供给5种生态系统服务之间权衡协同关系。结果表明:①从全域尺度:水资源供给分别与生境质量、土壤保持、NPP、粮食生产呈现协同关系;NPP分别与生境质量、土壤保持同呈现协同关系;生境质量与土壤保持是协同的关系;粮食生产分别与生境质量、土壤保持呈现权衡的关系。②从综合分区尺度:依据地貌和气候类型划分的综合分区,会出现特定的区域内生态系统服务关系的异同,加上影响生态系统服务的机制不同,促使生态系统服务间的关系在综合分区的体现也有所差别。③典型样区尺度:山地的南北坡在气候类型、植被类型、地貌特征等方面存在明显的差异性,随着时间的推移生态系统服务之间会发生相互转变。④样点间隔尺度:成对服务间的权衡/协同关系与样点间隔尺度存在一定的关联性,不同的间隔尺度权衡/协同关系的发展趋势存在差异性。该研究可以协助决策者在适当的空间尺度制定相应生态管理策略,促进生态-经济协同发展。

Qinling-Daba Mountains is a transitional zone between the north and the south of China,which has obvious multi-dimensional zonal structure and complex geomorphological characteristics.The purpose of this paper is to study the trade-off and synergy of ecosystem services on different spatial scales which provides basic reference for the ecological protection of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes and grasses among regions.We analyzed the trade-offs and synergies among Net Primary Productivity(NPP)of vegetation,grain production,soil conservation,habitat quality and water resources supply in the Qinling-Daba Mountains from 2005 to 2015 at the global,comprehensive regionalization,typical sample areas,and sample interval scales.The results showed that:①at a global scale,there was a synergistic relationship between water resources supply and habitat quality,soil conservation,NPP and grain production,NPP and habitat quality,soil conservation,habitat quality and soil conservation,and there was a trade-off relationship between grain production and habitat quality,soil conservation.②At the regional scale,according to the geomorphological and climatic types of the comprehensive zoning,there were similarities and differences in the service function relationship within a specific region,coupled with different mechanisms affecting ecosystem services.It will lead to differences in the relationship between ecosystem services in the overall region.③At the typical sample area scale,there were obvious differences in climate type,vegetation type and geomorphological characteristics between the north and south slopes of the mountain,and the ecosystem services changed each other with the passage of time.④At the sample interval scale,there was a certain correlation between the trade-off/synergy relationship between the paired services and the sample interval scale,and the development trend of the trade-off/synergy relationship of different interval scales was different.It is of practical significance to study from large,medium and small scales,which can help decision makers to formulate corresponding ecological management strategies at appropriate spatial scales and promote eco-economic coordinated development.