试论南戏“艳段”《张叶诸宫调》

A Preliminary Study on Zhang Xie Zhugong Tune,the“Yanduan”of Nanxi(Southern Drama)

《张协状元》是现存最早的南戏剧本。剧本前面的《张叶诸宫调》,是现存唯一的宋杂剧,对于了解宋杂剧的体制结构,具有不容低估的价值。同时,它又被用作南戏《张协状元》的艳段,是早期南戏具有“艳段”体制的具体例证,反映了于杂剧艳段与南戏“家门”之间,还曾经存在一个南戏艳段的阶段。《张协状元》独特的“艳段”体制,说明早期南戏与宋杂剧的密切关联。《张协状元》及其艳段《张叶诸宫调》,连接着宋杂剧和南戏,在早期南戏的剧本体制、脚色演化、舞台表演等方面,具有重要的认识意义。

Zhang Xie the Scholar is the oldest extant script of the Nanxi(Southern Drama).Zhang Xie Zhugong Tune which precedes the script of Zhang Xie the Scholar is the only extant script of the Song Zaju,which is of great value to understand the system and structure of the Song Zaju.Meanwhile,used as the“Yanduan”of Zhang Xie the Scholar,it provides a concrete example for us to understand the“Yanduan”structure in the early Nanxi which afterwards developed to the“Jiamen”structure.In other words,between the period of“Yanduan”in the Song Zaju and the period of“Jiamen”in Nanxi opera,there was once a stage of“Yanduan”in Nanxi.The unique“Yanduan”structure in the Nanxi of Zhang Xie the Scholar shows that the Nanxi opera is closely related to the Song Zaju in the early period.Zhang Xie the Scholar and Zhang Xie Zhugong Tune provide a connection between the Song Zaju and Nanxi,which are of great significance for understanding the script structure,role change and stage performance of the early Nanxi.