明代嘉靖朝荒政中的渎职探研

An Analysis of Malpractice Phenomenon in the Disaster-relief-policy in Jiajing Years of the Ming Dynasty

荒政是政府官员应对自然灾害所实施的关于防灾和救灾的政策措施,在中国历史上,历代政府官员在荒政中不可避免地会出现玩忽职守、因循懈怠的渎职现象,明朝也是如此。嘉靖朝以近半个世纪的统治在明朝中期的历史发展中占有重要地位,这一时期,自然灾害频繁发生,各级官员在灾荒应对中经常出现消极怠慢的渎职现象。这主要缘于当时官风不正、用人不当和监察不力,以至于各级官员在蠲免、收养灾民、仓储、水利等荒政事务中表现出玩忽懈怠,使本已严重的灾荒雪上加霜。

The disaster-relief-policy is a policy of disaster prevention and relief implemented by government officials in response to natural disasters.But in the history of China,government officials’malpractice in the disaster-relief-policy in the past dynasties was inevitable,so it was with the the Ming Dynasty.The Jiajing dynasty played an important role in the development of the history of the Mid-Ming Dynasty for nearly half a century.During this period,natural disasters occurred frequently,and officials at all levels often ignored and neglected their duties in dealing with the famine.Due to the improper official behavior,improper use of personnel and poor supervision at that time,officials were slacking off in famine-coping responses,such as exempt from tax payment,pension,storage and hydraulic engineering.