膜下滴灌氮肥分期追施对花生光合生理和产量的影响

Effect of Topdressing with Nitrogen Fertilizer at Different Stages on Photosynthetic Physiology and Yield of Peanut by Drip Irrigation under Mulch

为提高氮肥利用率和优化氮肥施用量,设置膜下滴灌氮肥分期追施试验,探究氮肥运筹对花生光合生理、产量和效益的影响。结果表明,相同氮肥施用量下,分期追施可提高生育后期花生叶片的SPAD、净光合速率和产量,施氮量108 kg·hm-2处理产量最高,72 kg·hm-2处理产量最低。产量与净光合速率、SPAD、叶面积指数间均呈线性正相关,生育前期叶片净光合速率与产量的相关性高于生育后期,但生育后期SPAD值、叶面积指数与产量间的相关性高于生育前期。生育后期维持较高的叶面积指数、SPAD和前期保持较高的叶片净光合速率是氮肥分期追施增产的主要原因。本研究为花生肥料减施、提质增效和实现水肥供需同步配施提供理论指导。

In order to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and optimize fertilizer application,an experiment on topdressing of nitrogen fertilizer at different stages by drip irrigation under mulch was conducted to explore the effect of nitrogen fertilizer allocation on peanut photosynthesis physiology,yield and benefit.The result showed that topdressing at different stages increased the SPAD,net photosynthetic rate and yield in the later growth stages under the same amount application of nitrogen fertilizer.Under the multi-staged topdressing method,the yield under the treatment of 108 kg/ha total nitrogen supply was the highest,and the yield under the treatment of 72 kg/ha was the lowest.Linear analysis showed that yield was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,SPAD,and leaf area index.The correlation between leaf net photosynthetic rate and yield in the early growth period was higher than that in the later growth period,and the correlation between SPAD value,leaf area index and yield was higher in the later period.Maintaining a higher leaf area index,SPAD value in the later growth stage,and preserving of net photosynthetic rate that was not weaker than the traditional basal application treatment in the early stage may be the reason for that the yield of peanuts treated with nitrogen fertilizers by 96 kg/ha and 108 kg/ha at multi-stages was higher than that of the traditional treatment.This research provided theoretical guidance for fertilizer reduction,benefit increasing and the realization of simultaneous supply and demand of water and fertilizer for peanut.