适当的自然审美欣赏与科学认知主义:卡尔松的策略

Appropriate Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and the Scientific Cognition:Carlson’s Strategy

作为西方当代环境美学的奠基人,卡尔松对诸多重要的环境美学概念进行了论述,其中之一就是适当的自然审美欣赏问题,或称为自然审美欣赏的适当性问题。卡尔松将其视为自然审美欣赏的基础与核心问题,展开深入论证。他认为适当的自然审美应当既具有美学上的审美特征,使得人们对自然的欣赏是审美性质的,又应当具有自然的客观性与独立性,不至于成为艺术审美欣赏的翻版。因此卡尔松找到了科学知识作为调和两者的平衡点,将自然常识与科学知识作为适当的自然审美的关键。由此,卡尔松的环境审美理论形成了一个有机整体。

As the founder of western contemporary environmental aesthetics,Carlson discusses many important concepts of environmental aesthetics,one of which is the appropriate aesthetic appreciation of nature.Carlson regards it as the foundation and core issue of natural aesthetic appreciation and carries out in-depth argumentation.He believes that appropriate aesthetics appreciation of nature should have both aesthetic characteristics,which make the appreciation of nature is aesthetic,and the objectivity and independence of nature,which make the natural appreciation not to become a replica of artistic aesthetic appreciation.Therefore,Carlson finds scientific knowledge as the balance point to reconcile the two,and takes natural common sense and scientific knowledge as the key to appropriate aesthetic appreciation of nature.As a result,Carlson’s environmental aesthetic theory forms an organic whole.