德国“双元制”成功奥秘:职业教育标准研发与实施

Secret to Success of German“Dual System”:Development and Implementation of Vocational Education Standards

通过实地调研、学习和研究,发现德国"双元制"成功奥秘在于其职业教育标准研发与实施。在对德国职业教育标准研发和实施的程序、内容梳理的基础上,总结出德国在理念上凝聚了促进职业行动能力的教育目标、在程序上形成了多方合作双元兼融的协调机制、在内容上做到职业教育标准和职业技能标准的等值融通、在法律上保障了职业教育标准的落实落细等四大经验,并提出观念必须统一、标准必须入法、标准协调制定、标准必须衔接、实施必须多元、行业必须监管等建议。

Through field investigation,study and research,it is found that the secret to the success of German“Dual System”lies in the development and implementation of its vocational education standards.On the basis of retrospecting the procedures and content of the development and implementation of German Vocational Education Standards,it is found that German four major experiences are as followed:in the ideas to condense the educational goals of promoting vocational action ability;in the procedures to form a coordination mechanism of multi-party cooperation and dual system integration;in the contents to realize the equivalence of vocational education standards and vocational skill standards;and in the laws to guarantee the implementation of vocational education standards.Based on this,six recommendations are proposed that concepts must be unified,standards must be incorporated into the laws,standards must be formulated in coordinated way,standards must be converged,implementation body must be diversified,and industry must participate in the supervision.