“元以曲取士”说与明清士人的戏曲观

“Yuan Dynasty Selects Officials by Music”and the Opera Theory of Scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties

“元以曲取士”说是戏曲研究领域耳熟能详的议题,明清两朝对该说多有讨论。将明清士人的论述还原至各自具体语境中考察可以发现,以易代为界,两朝人物对该说的考察视角和解读阐释存在明显变化:明人之言论具有多种潜在目的,其中均包含着对明代戏曲“文学史”地位的强烈关注;清人多致力于考辨该说的真实性,无论其结论如何,讨论的出发点与明人大不相同。明清曲家对各自所属王朝的身份认同深刻影响了戏曲观念的生发和转变。

“Yuan Dynasty selects officials by music”is a well-known topic in the research field of drama,there have been many scholars talked about it during Ming and Qing Dynasties.By restoring the discussions to their special contexts,we can find that bounded by the dynasty alternation from Ming to Qing,there was a obvious change in the scholars’research perspectives and comments of the topic.Comments made by scholars in Ming Dynasty contains many different intentions,and they all focused on Chinese Opera in the Ming Dynasty’s position in literary history.Most scholars in Qing Dynasty focused on the topic’s facticity,no matter what their conclusions were,their starting points were very different with scholars in Ming Dynasty.The scholars’identity to their dynasties deeply influenced the germination and transformation of opera theory.