共同体存在方式的历史变迁——以劳动者和生产资料的关系为线索

The Historical Change of the Existence Forms of Community——Taking the Relationship between Workers and Means of Production as a Clue

劳动者和生产资料的关系是理解共同体性质和存在方式变迁的根本线索。劳动者和生产资料的关系呈现出三个历史相续的环节:劳动者和生产资料的原初统一、劳动者和生产资料的分离、劳动者和生产资料的重新统一。与这三种劳动者和生产资料的关系相对应存在着三种不同的共同体形态:本源共同体、抽象共同体和真正的共同体。要建构真正的共同体,必须变革资本主义社会的劳动者和生产资料的分离关系,重新确立劳动者和生产资料的统一,实现联合起来的劳动者共同占有生产资料,这是马克思解决个人与共同体分裂这一时代困境的历史唯物主义之路。

The relationship between workers and means of production was the fundamental clue to understand the nature and existence forms of community.The relationship between workers and means of production presented three historical links:the original unification of workers and means of production,the separation of workers and means of production,and the reunification of workers and means of production.Corresponding to these three kinds of relationship between workers and means of production,there were three different forms of community:the original community,the abstract community and the real community.To construct the real community,we must change the separation between workers and means of production in capitalist society,and re-establish the unity of workers and means of production.Realizing that the united laborers share the means of production is Marx's historical materialist road to solve the dilemma of the era of the division of individuals and communities.