新型冠状病毒肺炎细胞治疗的关键策略和研究进展

Key strategies and research advances in cell therapy for COVID-19

新型冠状病毒肺炎病毒感染性强,感染后的重型、危重型患者病死率高,尚无特效治疗方法。间充质干细胞具有免疫调节和组织修复功能,一方面可以通过分泌抑炎因子减少炎性因子表达,降低细胞因子风暴和急性呼吸窘迫综合征发生的风险,从而降低重症患者的死亡率;另一方面间充质干细胞可分泌营养因子且具有多向分化能力,能修复肺部组织损伤,阻止肺部纤维化进程并使其恢复,从而治疗病毒感染肺炎后引起的难治性肺损伤相关疾病。此外自然杀伤细胞等也可在病毒感染性疾病预防、减少轻症患者向重型患者转化等方面发挥作用。本文总结并分析了细胞治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎最新研究进展。

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is highly infectious,with a high mortality rate among severe and critically severe patients with COVID-19.However,there is no effective treatment at present,which highlights a desperate need of a safe and effective treatment.Previous studies have revealed that mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have the ability to normalize immune system function and repair the damaged tissues.On the one hand,MSCs could reduce the possibility of cytokine storm and the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome by secreting anti-inflammatory factors,and thus the mortality of critically ill patients.On the other hand,MSCs could repair damaged lung tissues,prevent pulmonary fibrosis,improve respiratory function by secreting trophic factors,and thus treat refractory lung injury-related diseases caused by coronavirus.Natural killer cells might play an important role in preventing viral infections and the transfer from patients with mild COVID-19 to patients with severe COVID-19.In this review,the current research of cell therapy for COVID-19 disease is summarized and analyzed.