不同焦虑水平舰艇士兵的知觉警觉和脑电α波的变化分析

Analysis of the perceptual vigilance and EEG α-waves of sailors on naval ships with different levels of anxiety

目的分析不同焦虑水平舰艇兵知觉警觉和脑电α波,为焦虑情绪早期心理干预方法研究探索理论依据。方法采用问卷法用症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)进行评定,将焦虑因子分>2.5分的舰艇兵纳入初选对象,通过交谈法与观察法进一步用汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)测评,HAMA得分超过14分,焦虑症状持续表现2~3个月者,在排除躯体疾病,确定处于焦虑状态的舰艇兵42人设为研究组;HAMA得分小于14分,无知觉歪曲、紧张、恐惧害怕症状,确定焦虑状态的舰艇兵30人设为对照组。对2组人员进行脑电α波、脑缺氧状态、脑疲劳等脑功能分析,并对全部结果进行比较。结果SCL-90躯体化和精神病性因子分研究组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);总分、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、偏执及饮食睡眠因子评分差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),精神焦虑、躯体焦虑差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2组脑电α波各频平均值比较,α波11、12 Hz高频率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),8、9、10 Hz波段均率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。α波背景主频、缺氧状态差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),主次频差值、熵值、总谱系、疲劳状态差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论不同焦虑水平舰艇兵焦虑知觉警觉敏感性不同,焦虑知觉警觉敏感性增高时本体感觉更明显,脑电α波高频率是α波背景主频。

Objective To explore the theoretical basis for early psychological interventions for anxiety through comparing and analyzing the perceptual vigilance and EEGα-waves of sailors on naval ships with different levels of anxiety.Methods The Symptom checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to evaluate the anxiety factor.Sailors with the anxiety factor greater than 2.5 points were selected as the preliminary subjects of study.Then they were further evaluated on the Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)through conversation and observation.A total of 42 sailors,without any physical illness,scoring above 14 points on the HAMA and experiencing anxiety symptoms for 2-3 months were assigned to the study group(group A).A total of 30 sailors,who scored lower than 14 points on the HAMA,presented no perceptual distortion,tension,or fear symptoms,but had identified anxiety,were assigned to the control group(group B).Then both groups'brain functions were examined and analyzed,including EEGα-wave,brain hypoxia,and brain fatigue.All results were compared between the group A and the group B.Results The group A scored significantly higher than the group B on the somatization and psychoticism of the SCL-90,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).However,the differences were not statistically significant in terms of total scores and the scores on obsessive-compulsive disorder,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,phobic anxiety,paranoid ideation,diet,and sleep factors(P>0.05).The scores of the two groups on HAMA mental anxiety and physical anxiety were significantly different(P<0.05).The mean values at the higher frequencies of EEGα-waves(11 Hz and 12 Hz)were significantly different between the group A and the group B(P<0.05);while the differences at 8 Hz,9 Hz,and 10 Hz were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Theα-wave background main frequencies and hypoxia status were significantly different between the two groups(P<0.05).The primary and secondary frequency differences,entropy,total spectrum,and fatigue status were not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusion Sailors on naval ships with varying levels of anxiety demonstrated varying anxiety perceptual vigilance.Increased anxiety and perceptual vigilance had more distinct impact on proprioception.The higher frequencies of the EEGα-waves were the main frequencies of theα-wave background.