风险评估对改善低视力住院患者跌倒风险的效果研究

Study on the Effect of Risk Assessment on Improving the Risk of Fall in Inpatients with Low Vision

目的应用风险评估量表对眼科低视力患者进行评估,降低患者跌倒的风险。方法选择2016年1月1日至2019年12月31日收治的低视力住院患者200例,信封法分为对照组和实验组各100例。对照组采用常规护理措施。实验组对患者进行风险评估,主要内容包括年龄、视力情况、步态、ADL评分、睡眠情况、药物、跌倒史、坠床史。将患者根据评估结果分为低风险、中风险和高风险,并给予相应护理措施。比较两组患者生活质量评分、住院期间的跌倒事件发生率、医患纠纷发生率、患者满意度评分。结果实验组在躯体功能、总体健康、精力、情感职能、社会功能、精神健康等方面评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.201、7.889、7.230、5.227、5.864、6.149,P<0.05)。实验组患者跌倒事件发生率(5%)低于对照组(19%),医患纠纷发生率(0%)明显低于对照组(7%),患者满意度评分95.65±8.36分,明显高于对照组82.33±7.21分,差异均有统计学意义P<0.01。结论低视力风险评估对于改善低视力住院患者跌倒风险的效果良好,降低低视力患者跌倒风险,减少医疗纠纷发生率,提高患者满意度。

Objective The risk assessment scale was used to evaluate the patients with low vision in ophthalmology to reduce the risk of fall. Methods From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019, 200 inpatients with low vision were divided into control group(n = 100) and experimental group(n = 100). Routine nursing measures were used in the control group. The patients in the experimental group were assessed for risk, including age, vision, gait, ADL score, sleep, medication, history of fall, and history of falling into bed.The patients in the experimental group were assessed for risk, including age, vision, gait, ADL score, sleep, medication, history of fall, and history of falling into bed. The patients were divided into low risk, medium risk and high risk according to the evaluation results, and the corresponding nursing measures were given. The quality of life score, the incidence of falls during hospitalization, the incidence of doctor-patient disputes and the score of patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The scores of physical function, overall health, energy, emotional function, social function and mental health in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t = 8.201, 7.889, 7.230, 5.227, 5.864, 6.149, P < 0.05). The incidence of falls in the experimental group(5%) was lower than that in the control group(19%), the incidence of doctor-patient disputes(0%) was significantly lower than that in the control group(7%), and the score of patient satisfaction was 95.65±8.36, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(82.33 ±7.21). The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01). Conclusion Low vision risk assessment has a good effect on improving the fall risk of low vision inpatients, reducing the fall risk of low vision patients, reducing the incidence of medical disputes and improving patient satisfaction.