粤北地区农村居民健康相关生存质量状况及影响因素研究

A study on health-related quality of life and influencing factors of rural residents in northern Guangdong

目的了解粤北地区农村居民健康相关生存质量状况,并探讨其影响因素,为今后制定提高农村居民生存质量的相关措施提供参考依据。方法本次调查采用欧洲五维度健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)对广东省某农村居民进行入户调查。此次共发放问卷250份,回收有效问卷197份。本研究采用SPSS18.0软件进行统计学分析。结果关于五维度指数量表(EQ-5D),调查对象选择没有问题人数所占比例从高至低的维度依次为自理能力(94.4%)、行动能力(85.3%)、日常活动能力(79.2%)、焦虑或抑郁(62.4%)、疼痛或不舒服(45.2%)。调查对象选择严重问题人数所占比例最高的维度是日常活动能力(3.5%)。Logistic回归分析表明,文化程度越低、近1年内去过门诊就诊或住院治疗是调查对象在行动能力方面出现问题的危险因素(P<0.05)。年龄越大是调查对象在日常活动能力方面出现问题的危险因素(P<0.05)。年龄偏大、文化程度偏低、近1年内去过门诊就诊或住院治疗是调查对象在疼痛或不舒服方面出现问题的危险因素(P<0.05)。年龄偏大、文化程度偏低是调查对象在焦虑或抑郁方面出现问题的危险因素(P<0.05)。是否患有慢性病、近1年内是否到门诊就诊或住院治疗是影响调查对象直观式量表(EQ-VAS)得分的因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄是调查对象在日常活动能力、疼痛或不舒服、焦虑或抑郁方面出现问题的独立危险因素。鉴于此,相关部门及老年人家人应对老年人给予更多的关爱,督导他们定期去医院体检,同时对居民进行健康教育,开展健康促进干预活动,提高老年人的生存质量。

Objective To understand the health-related quality of life of rural residents in northern Guangdong and to explore its influencing factors with the aim of providing a reference for future development of measures to improve the quality of life of rural residents.Methods This survey used the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions(EQ-5 D-3 L)questionnaire to conduct a household survey for residents of a rural area in Guangdong Province.A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 197 valid questionnaires were returned.SPSS 18.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results Ordered from high to low,the proportions of respondents who chose"no problem"in each dimension were self-care(94.4%),mobility(85.3%),usual activities(79.2%),anxiety/depression(62.4%)and pain/discomfort(45.2%).The dimension with the highest proportion of respondents choosing"having severe problem"is usual activities(3.5%).Logistic regression analysis showed that low education level and outpatient visits or hospitalizations within the past year were the risk factors for the respondents’having problem in the dimension of mobility(P<0.05).Old age is a risk factor for the respondents’having problem in the dimension of usual activities(P<0.05).Old age,low education level and outpatient visits or hospitalizations within the past year were the risk factors for the respondents’having problem in the dimension of pain/discomfort(P<0.05).Old age and low education level were the risk factors for the respondents’having problem in the dimension of anxiety/depression(P<0.05).Chronic disease and outpatient visits or hospitalizations within the past year were the factors influencing the EQ-VAS scores of the respondents(P<0.05).Conclusion Age is an independent risk factor for the respondents to have problems in the dimensions of usual activities,pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.In view of this,relevant departments and families with elderly members should pay more attention to the elderly,urge them to go to the hospital for regular medical examinations,and at the same time carry out health education and health promotion interventions,so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly.