贫困之治:精准扶贫中的“结构—功能”分析

Poverty Governance:An Analysis of the Organizational Model of Targeted Poverty Alleviation——From the Perspective of Structural Functionalism

党的十八大以来,脱贫攻坚何以取得巨大成就?分析精准扶贫政策执行过程发现,十八大以来,我国的贫困治理呈现出"功能需求—结构创新—功能整合"的演化逻辑。精准扶贫功能需求诱发扶贫组织结构的创新,以"五级书记"为核心,立足于基层扶贫双机制,依托科层制延伸出包保责任制,在高激励和强问责的政治环境中,形塑了精准扶贫组织模式。该模式通过组织结构的创新实现资源、权力和思想的扶贫功能整合,扶贫成效由此产生。然而,结构的负向功能不免显现,高度政治动员所形成的组织模式也存在着干部负担过重以及稳定性和持续性不足等负面效应。面向未来,应加强精准扶贫的制度性建设,更多地引入社会力量,巩固和加强脱贫成效。

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,how can we make great achievements in poverty alleviation?Through the analysis of the implementation process of the targeted poverty alleviation policy,it is found that since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the poverty governance in China has shown the evolution logic of"functional demand to structural innovation to functional integration".The demand for targeted poverty alleviation function induces the innovation of poverty alleviation organization structure.With the"five level Secretary"as the core,based on the two mechanisms of grass-roots poverty alleviation,and relying on the bureaucratic system,the system of guarantee responsibility is extended.In the high incentive and strong accountability political environment,the targeted poverty alleviation organization model is shaped.Through the innovation of organizational structure,the model realizes the integration of poverty alleviation functions of resources,power and ideas,and the poverty alleviation effect is produced.However,the negative function of the structure is also inevitable.The organizational model formed by high political mobilization also has negative effects such as excessive burden on cadres,insufficient stability and sustainability.Facing the future,we should strengthen the institutional construction of targeted poverty alleviation,introduce more social forces,and consolidate and strengthen the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.