青藏高原高寒湿地生态系统演变、修复与保护

Ecosystem evolution of alpine wetland in Tibetan Plateau and consideration for ecological restoration and conservation

探讨了青藏高原高寒湿地的动态变化及演变趋势,分析了湿地面积变化、生态系统结构与功能退化现状与原因。分析表明,国家近20年来在青藏高原实施的生态保护、修复及生态工程项目取得了一定的成效,但高寒湿地生态系统的退化形势依然严峻。生态保护和修复是一项系统、长期的工作,今后要加强生态修复技术研发项目与工程类项目的衔接,建立长效管理机制,提高退化湿地的自然恢复能力。同时,要构建适于青藏高原高寒湿地保护效应的评价模型和指标体系,完善重大工程项目的系统监测与评价。在黄河、长江上游源区布局高寒湿地生态系统的长期监测,将与三江源区同样重要的黄河首曲湿地、若尔盖湿地纳入国家公园管理体系,统筹规划,建立健全科技服务平台和信息共享机制。

Tibetan Plateau as a shelter plays an important role in ecological security in China,even in Asia,which is also the key source region of many rivers.Under the joint efiecls of global changes and anthropogenic activities,many serious ecological and environmental issues have occurred in Tibetan Plateau.Particularly,typical alpine weland generally shows a trend of degradation.By analyzing the current studies of wetland area change and degradation in the structure and function of ecosystems and potential causes of wetland degradation,this study addresses dynamical changes and evolutional trend of alpine wetland in Tibetan Plateau.The ecological prolection and restoration projects conducted by Chinese government have played a large role in recent twenty years,but the degradation of alpine wetand is still a great challenge.As a long-term work,it is needed to strengthen the active cooperation of technology research and development projects and engineering projects of ecological restoration in the future and to increase natural capacity of recovery of wetland through establishing a long-term management mechanism.At the same time,to construct complete evaluation models and indicator sysltems for prolection of alpine wetland,and further to improve monitoring system and evaluating system for project implementation effect are necessary.By conducting a long-lerm ecological monitoring for alpine weland ecosysltem in the source regions of the Yellow River and Yangtse Rive,Shouqu wetland of Yellow river and'Zoige wetland should be merged into the management scope of National Park as Sanjiangyuan,which can be planed as a whole to establish a platform of scientific service and mechanism of information sharing.