黄士高原旱作农业生态化与高质量发展

Ecologicalization and high-quality development of dryland farming in the Loess Plateau of NW China

总结了新中国成立以来旱作物农业取得的主要进展:长期有组织大规模地进行梯田建设,有效地减少了水土流失;梯田建设标准不断提高,越来越方便于机械化大片农田生产;以合理施肥与多种耕作措施相结合的集成技术体系提高了土地生产力。进入21世纪以来,以沟垄地膜覆盖为主体的作物栽培与耕作体系获得大面积推广。在半干旱及其偏旱地区,相较于过去的作物系统,土地生产力几乎成倍增加。特别是玉米和马铃薯在地膜覆盖栽培下,产量增幅远大于其他作物,为粮草畜经协同发展创造了有利条件,有力地推进了脱贫攻坚和全面建成小康社会目标的实现。提出了旱作农业生态化主要内容和目标:面对新时期黄土高原高质量发展的要求,将创新旱作农业生态化技术体系和发展模式,推进优质特色旱作农业发展,探索生态重建由被动向主动的方式转变,实现区域生态优良化发展目标。

The Loess Plateau is characterized by low mountain and hilly terrain with loose soil,high erodible,broken lerrain,and fragile ecological environment.The productivity of dryland farming is low and unstable historically.With the inerease of population pressure,long-term over-reclamation,and over-grazing is ecosystem has been long degraded.Since the founding of PR China,terraced fields have been,being constructed on a large scale to effectively reduce soil erosion.Thanks to the continuously updating construction standard of terraced fields it is more and more convenient to produce large areas of mechanized farmland.Since the beginning of the new century,the crop farming system with film mulching furrow-ridge as the vital progress has been widely promoted.In particular,corn and potato mulched by plastic film mulching furow-ridge system yield much higher than other crops.These have created favorable conditions for coordinated development of grain,complele feed,livestock cash crops,and efectively promoted eradication of poverty and the realization of the goal of overall well-offl society.High-quality development in the new era requires innovation in the ecological-friendy technologies and development model of dryland farming.These will help promote the development of natural dryland farning,exploring the transformation from passive to an active mode of ecological restoration and realizing the development goal of regional eco-susltainability.