一庙多神:山东半岛羊口镇妈祖信俗的多层性

One temple with multiple deities: multilayer of Mazu belief in Yangkou Town of Shandong Peninsula

在山东半岛,妈祖信俗设施存在着"一庙多神"现象,即庙中除了供奉妈祖外,还供奉着其他的神,如关公、龙王等。"一庙多神"现象不仅体现在所供奉神灵的多样性上,还体现在众神的地位差异上。在天妃宫中,妈祖是主神,关公、龙王等是附神,而"寄养神"则是"客人"。在功能上,各神虽有所分工,但都要维护妈祖的主神地位。天妃宫之所以会出现"一庙多神"现象,如果从海洋实践的视角来看的话,其原因主要是海洋产业的多元化、妈祖由"专神"转变为了"众神"以及区域信仰空间的形成等。

In Shandong Peninsula, there is a phenomenon of "one temple with multiple deities", in other words, besides Mazu, the temple also enshrines other deities, such as Guan Gong and Dragon King. "One temple with multiple deities" is not only embodied in the diversity of the deities, but also in the status of the deities. In TianFei Palace, Mazu is the main deity, Guan Gong, Dragon King and so on is attached to the main deity, and "foster deity" is the "guest". In terms of function, although each deity has its own division of labor, it is necessary to maintain Mazu’s position as the main deity. The reason why the phenomenon of "one temple with multiple deities" appears in TianFei Palace is mainly due to the diversification of marine industry, the transformation of Mazu changed from "specialism deity" to "universal deity", and the formation of regional belief space.