周公旦的文化战略与西周文化的繁荣昌盛

Zhou-Gong Dan's cultural strategy and the prosperity of the culture in the Western Zhou Dynasty

周公旦是殷周之际伟大的政治家、思想家和改革家,是西周文化建设最主要的设计师。周人原本是文化落后的蛮邦,而政权被推翻的殷商则是文化发达、有六百多年统治经验的大国。周公旦推翻殷商政权后能够放下身段,虚心地向曾经的对手请教、学习,这是非常难能可贵的。周公旦在刚刚建立的西周政权面临内忧外患的艰难处境中,一方面毅然决然地对反叛者进行武力镇压,另一方面则对大批的殷商遗民采取迁徙、分化、瓦解的策略,并逐步引导那些殷顽民充分发挥其在文化、技能方面的专业特长,吸引他们为周人的文化建设服务。终于在较短的时间内取得了巨大的成功,使文化落后的周人逐步变得“郁郁乎文哉”。西周之初周公旦“制礼作乐”的过程实际上就是对殷商文化批判继承的过程。春秋战国时代的“百家争鸣”从一定意义上讲就是一场殷商文化的复兴运动。

Zhou-Gong Dan was a great politician,thinker and reformer during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties,and he was the main designer of cultural construction in the Western Zhou Dynasty.The Zhou people were originally culturally backward,and the Yin-Shang who was overthrown was a big country with developed culture and over 600 years of ruling experience.After Zhou-Gong Dan overthrew the Yin Shang regime,he was able to put down his posture and humbly consult and learn from his former opponents.This is very commendable.In the difficult situation of the newly established West Zhou regime facing internal and external troubles,Zhou-Gong Dan resolutely and forcefully repressed the rebels on the one hand,and on the other hand,he adopted a strategy of migration,differentiation and disintegration of a large number of Yin-Shang survivors,and gradually guided those people give full play to their professional expertise in culture and skills and attract them to serve the cultural construction of Zhou Dynasty.Finally,Zhou Dynasty achieved great success in culture construction within a relatively short period of time,which gradually made Zhou people with backward culture gradually become culturally"rich and colorful"!At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Zhou-Gong Dan's process of"making rituals and making music"was actually a process of critical inheritance of the Yin-Shang culture.In a sense,the"contending of a hundred schools of thought"in the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period was a revival movement of Yin-Shang culture.