事实物权与船舶挂靠纠纷

Factual real rights and disputes caused by affiliation of ship

事实物权理论是近年来被提出的理论,并不属于传统的物权理论。有观点认为针对船舶作为特殊动产所采用的登记对抗主义模式立法,是船舶挂靠纠纷中法律物权和事实物权分离的法律原因。对照事实物权理论,对船舶挂靠纠纷中一般情况进行分析后可以看出,登记对抗主义模式并非造成船舶挂靠纠纷中法律物权和事实物权分离的原因。通常情形下,挂靠人的所谓实际所有权是基于挂靠协议产生,本质上只具有债权效力。在船舶所有权初始登记的一种情形下,由于船舶建造人向委托建造人(同时也是船舶挂靠人)的真实的现实交付,委托建造人取得船舶所有权。认为登记人具有所有权或部分所有权的观点,不应得到支持。在所有权和登记分离时,登记人向第三人的抵押权设立展示了船舶物权登记对抗效力所发挥的功能。

The theory of factual real right has only been proposed in recent years,and it does not belong to the traditional theory of real right.Some people think that the registration confrontation doctrine adopted in legislation for ships as special movable property is the legal reason for the separation of legal real rights and factual real rights in the dispute caused by affiliation of ship.According to the theory of factual real rights,it can be seen that the registration confrontation doctrine is not the cause of the separation of legal and factual real rights in the dispute caused by affiliation of ship.Under normal circumstances,the actual ownership of the affiliate is based on an agreement,which essentially has only the effect of obligation.In the case of the initial registration of the ship’s ownership,due to the true and actual delivery of the shipbuilder to the commissioned builder,the commissioned builder acquired the ship’s ownership.The view that the registrant has ownership or partial ownership should not be supported.When the ownership and registration are separated,the establishment of the mortgagee reflects the function of the registration of the real rights of the ship.