技术创新促进我国有轨电车的健康持续发展

Technological Innovation Promotes Sustainable Development of the Tramcar in China

近20年来,我国通过实施城市公共交通优先发展战略以及建设绿色交通的政策,大容量的城市轨道交通得到了快速发展,取得了令人瞩目的成就;与此同时,具有低成本、运营灵活、准点可靠、较快速度、形象美观等特点的有轨电车等轻量化轨道交通也在内地近20个城市中开通运营,线路总长度超过400 km。有轨电车的发展是城市轨道交通多层次、多样化的主要方向之一,对构建层次清晰、结构合理的公共交通起到了重要作用,显著地提高了公共交通的品质和市民的交通体验。

For the past 20 years of construction of priority development strategy of urban public transport and green traffic with nationallevel priority in urban public transport,China has made fast progress in large-capacity rail transit with remarkable achievements.Meanwhile,lightweight rail transit including tramcar has been launched into service in more than 20 cities in Chinese mainland,with characteristics of low cost,flexible operation,reliable on-time performance,high speed and aesthetic image. The total length of the rail transit covers over 400 km. The development of tramcar is one of the major trends when rail transit leads towards a multilevel and diversified development,and plays an essential role in building the public transport with distinct levels and rational structures,significantly advancing the public transport quality and the travel experience of citizens.In China,the tramcar is mainly adopted as the extended or complementary line of the large-capacity rail transit in big cities,and the main public transport in small and medium-sized cities,and exclusive or internal transit of the park area. At present,the operation of the tramcar,in general,maintains a high on-time performance,a gradually increased speed and a stable growth in passenger volume,which serves positively in the urban transportation system. The transportation benefit,however,is not very significant due to that the scale of the tramcar network is small;lines within the area with large traffic demand are insufficient;and the operation service still needs improvement. Compared with advanced tramcars in the world,certain extent of gap exists. Therefore,we should consider how to maximize the advantage of tramcar as a lightweight rail transit,how to realize technological innovation to strengthen the adaptability and attraction of tramcars in urban traffic,to improve the operation performance,and to accelerate a sustainable development. Therefore,in the process of tram development in China,we should pay attention to the following three aspects of research.The first principle is to establish a solid foundation with the values of high-quality construction,and to implement the national strategy of priority development of public transport;apply intelligent vehicle-road infrastructure technology to fully optimize the traffic organization;advocate public transport priority on the basis of a guaranteed coordination among various traffic modes;improve performance and reliability of the tramcar operation.The second principle is to seize chances in intelligent economic development and digital transformation of industries,and to promote technological innovation of the tramcar. Integrated with smart manufacturing and smart urban construction,modern technologies including 5 G,big data,cloud computing,AI and more shall be used in the development of intelligent tramcars. Innovations in manmachine interaction,autonomous vehicle,multi-source big data,and integrated platform of operation management are utilized to deepen the information fusion,and to build the core competitiveness of the new generation of tramcar.The third principle is to strengthen researches on innovative application of tramcars in the new urbanization,making full use of tramcars in serving people’s livelihood and advancing development,and to generate new modes for the application development of tramcars. Through the research and development in aspects such as high-speed tramcars,operational organization modes,and safety protection,low-cost tramcars of high speed can be realized in long distance line between urban and rural areas,or in intercity lines,substantially contributing to the new urbanization of China.At present,the tramcar is evolving towards the direction of intelligence,networking,high efficiency and intensification. It is believed that the tramcar will greatly contribute to building the country with strong transportation network through the endeavor of practitioners and technological innovation,achieving a better,faster and stronger future.