基于多级闸门联合挡水的高坝大库快速深度放空技术研究

Rapid deep discharging technology of high dam and large reservoir based on multi-gate combined water retaining

目前高坝枢纽放空系统存在放空深度有限、放空速度慢、放空时段单一以及放空能力不满足应对突发险情要求的技术难题。本文基于反向水推力和分层流道接力泄水的原理,提出了连续多级闸门联合挡水的新型放空系统解决方案。该方案的创新之处在于,只采用常规工程经验范围内的水动力学、结构力学、电气设备等方面设计指标,即可实现高坝大库工程超深度、汛季及枯季全时段快速放空。此方案满足了高坝大库工程安全、梯级联合运行管理、健康诊断、升级改造、工程事故抢险、防灾应急等放空需求,可有效提升高坝大库工程运行检修的安全性和各类重大自然灾害及突发事件下的抗风险能力。工程设计案例表明,此深度放空技术具有可行性,并可以为国内外高坝工程的设计和改造提供借鉴和参考。

At present,there are some technical problems in the releasing system of high dams,such as limited releasing depth,slow reservoir releasing speed,monotonous releasing period,and insufficient capaci⁃ty to cope with sudden emergency situations.A solution called continuous multi-gate flood release tunnel,which makes use of the reverse pressure and multiple gates is proposed in this paper.The novelty of this new solution lies in the achievement of deep and quick releasing at an arbitrary time with the design crite⁃rion of hydrodynamics,structural mechanics and electrical equipment remaining within existing ones.The maintenance safety and ability to cope with sudden emergency conditions of high dams can thereby be high⁃ly improved.This solution meets the emptying requirements of high-dam reservoirs regarding dam safety,cascade reservoirs operation management,dam health diagnosis,structural renovation,accident rescue,and disaster prevention,hence can effectively improve the maintenance safety and the ability to resist risks un⁃der natural disasters and emergencies of high dams.A preliminary example project design shows that this newly designed structure is feasible and can provide some guidance for the design and maintenance of high dam projects in China and abroad.