“坚守”还是“转出”:论国际汉语教师职业行动的类型与演化路径

Persistence or Departure:On the Types and Evolutionary Paths of International Chinese-language Teachers'Career Actions

国际汉语教师的职业选择受中外国家政策、地域流动性、职业身份、社会和生活压力等多方面的影响,其外在呈现是一个结果,但本质上是一个受他人和社会环境影响的动态过程。借鉴有关韦伯社会行动理论,可将国际汉语教师的职业行动分为成长型、转出型、呼吁型、过渡型等四种类型。以上类型都体现出一定的阶段性,不同类型之间存在着若干演化路径,较为典型的路径是过渡型到成长型/过渡型到转出型、呼吁型到成长型/呼吁型到转出型、呼吁型到过渡型。鉴于此,可以从优化汉语师资队伍结构、拓展对口就业路径、建立教师分级评价体系、加强行业协会功能形成“政府+协会”共治模式等四个方面对国际汉语教师队伍建设与管理提出建议。

The career choice of international Chinese-language teachers is influenced by different national policies,regional mobility,professional identity,social and life pressure,etc.It is not only one external result,but also a dynamic process influenced by the social environment.According to Max Weber's social action theory,the career actions of international Chinese-language teachers fall into four types:growth,departure,appeal and transition.All of the above types have the features of certain stages with their typical evolutionary paths:(1)transition to growth/transition to departure,(2)appeal to growth/appeal to departure,(3)appeal to transition.This paper gives four suggestions on optimizing the structure of Chinese teachers,expanding the path of counterpart employment,establishing a teacher classification evaluation system,strengthening the function of the professional associations to form a“government-association”co-governance model.