教学语法规范评议的发展历程及理论分析——以六十多年来的高校现代汉语教材为例

The Development and Theoretical Analysis of Norms Evaluation of Teaching Grammar——Taking the Modern Chinese Textbooks in Universities for More Than Sixty Years as an Example

语法评议是现代汉语教材中的重要内容,也是有效实施教学语法的重要手段,它在一定程度上反映了编写者和学界对汉语语法系统运作规律及语言交际生活的理解和思考。本文系统考察20世纪50年代中期以来,高校现代汉语教材中语法规范评议的基本阶段、演变路径及理论蕴含等问题。文章首先将这六十多年里101种现代汉语教材中所呈现出来的语法规范评议演变过程划分为匡谬、停滞、拓展、深化四个阶段,并分别从词法、实词、虚词、句法组合、句法位置、成分冗缺、特殊组配、特殊句式、杂糅、复句和句群、逻辑事理等11个方面对不同阶段的规范评议类型进行统计分析,概括每种评议类型发展变化的基本情况。在此基础上,文章归纳总结了影响现代汉语教材语法规范评议的基本因素,主要包括:大众语言生活和语言水平、汉语语法系统的根本特点、语言规范观念、语法研究的理论框架、语法研究内容及成果等。文章由此强调,现代汉语教学语法和教材编写要跟上学术发展的时代步伐,充分做到基础性和前沿性的统一。

Grammar evaluation is the important part of modern Chinese textbooks and the important means to implement the teaching grammar effectively.To some extent,it reflects the understanding and thinking of the writers and the academic community on the operation of Chinese grammar system and the life of language communication.This paper systematically investigates the basic stages,evolution paths and theoretical implications of grammar norms evaluation in modern Chinese textbooks in universities since the mid-1950 s.Firstly,the paper divides the evolution history of grammar norms evaluation among these 101 kinds of modern Chinese textbooks in more than sixty years into four stages of correction,stagnation,expansion and deepening.In addition,this paper makes a statistical analysis of the norms evaluation types in different stages from the aspects of morphology,content words,function words,syntactic combination,syntactic position,incompletion and redundancy of constituents,special collocation,special sentence pattern,blend,complex sentence,sentence group,and logic,and summarizes the development and changes of each evaluation type.Based on the statistical analysis,the paper summarizes the basic factors that influence the grammar norms evaluation in modern Chinese textbooks,mainly including the public language life and language level,the fundamental characteristics of Chinese grammar system,ideass of language norms,the theoretical framework of grammar research,and grammar research and its achievements.Finally this paper emphasizes that the modern Chinese teaching grammar and the textbook compilation should keep pace with the times of academic development and fully achieve the unity of foundational and frontier features.