谷氨酸转运体的结构、功能及其在神经精神疾病中的作用

The Structure and Function of Glutamate Transporters and Their Roles in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

谷氨酸作为主要的的兴奋性神经递质,其兴奋性和毒性与各种神经系统疾病密切相关,包括神经退行性变、药物依赖。对谷氨酸转运体结构和功能的研究发现,其在中枢神经系统中调节谷氨酸的摄取和释放,从而在神经系统疾病发病和防治中发挥的重要作用,尤其是作为药物靶标用于开发治疗谷氨酸能系统相关疾病的药物和成瘾的戒治具有重要价值。文章从结构、功能、神经精神相关疾病机制等方面介绍谷氨酸转运体,为神经退行性疾病预防、成瘾戒治寻找治疗靶点提供新的治疗思路。

As a major excitatory neurotransmitter,both the excitability and toxicity of Glutamate are closely related to various neurological diseases,including neurodegeneration and drug dependence.Studies have found that the structure and function of glutamate transporters plays an important role in regulating the uptake and release of glutamate in the central nervous system,and thus plays an important role in the pathogenesis and prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases,especially as a drug target for the development of drugs and addiction treatment for glutamate related diseases.The purpose of this paper is to introduce glutamate transporters from the aspects of structure,function and mechanism of neuropsychosis,so as to provide a new therapeutic approach for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and the treatment of addiction.