机会不均等、社会资本与农民主观幸福感——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

Opportunity Inequality,Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being of Rural Residents:Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS Data

文章基于CGSS 2013年及2015年数据,运用多重中介效应模型,探讨机会不均等、社会资本与农民主观幸福感的关系。研究结果表明,随着机会不均等的扩大,农民主观幸福感会下降,但社会信任和社会网络有助于提升农民主观幸福感;如果不考虑公共服务获得机会和各维度的权重,机会不均等对农民主观幸福感产生的消极影响会被低估;社会资本作为机会不均等影响农民主观幸福感的一个传导渠道,主要是通过社会信任实现的,社会网络的中介作用并不显著。基于此,建议政府在基础公共服务领域,如教育和医疗方面加大资金投入力度,并通过宣传教育、加大政府政策实施透明度等方式推进农村地区诚信建设。

Chasing happiness is the ultimate goal of economic development and people’s lives. For a country with 550 million farmers,improving farmers’ happiness is particularly important. However,economic growth does not seem to make people happier. Most studies have explained this phenomenon from the perspective of income inequality,but there is a lack of identification of the impact of opportunity inequality,especially the research on the mechanism of the impact of opportunity inequality on farmers’ happiness. Based on this,this paper uses multiple mediating effect models to explore the relationship between opportunity inequality,social capital and farmers’ subjective well-being with CGSS data in 2013 and 2015. The innovation of this paper is that,firstly,based on the research of Bj?rnskov(2006),social capital is divided into two dimensions:social network and social trust,so as to reveal the relationship between opportunity inequality,social capital and farmers’ subjective well-being. More importantly,by dividing social capital into the two dimensions,we can identify which dimension plays a more important role.Secondly,we use a measurement of opportunity inequality which is different from previous studies. Previous studies have conducted a simple arithmetical average of income equity,educational opportunity and socioeconomic status to obtain the perceived index of opportunity inequality,which has two shortcomings:First,access to basic public services is particularly inadequate for rural residents,which has become one of the obstacles to equal opportunities.Therefore,if there is no evaluation of "access to public services",the unequal level of rural opportunities cannot be fully and truly depicted. Second,the importance of each dimension is different,and a simple arithmetic average magnifies or diminishes the effects of each dimension.Therefore,we use the coefficient of variation method to weight each dimension. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The expansion of unequal opportunities will reduce the subjective well-being of farmers,while social trust and social network will improve the subjective well-being of farmers.(2)When constructing the perception index of unequal opportunity,the negative impact of unequal opportunity on farmers’ subjective well-being will be underestimated if the dimension of "access to public services" and the weight of each dimension are not taken into account.(3)Opportunity inequality affects farmers’ happiness mainly through social trust,while the mediating effect of social network is not significant.