加勒比松3个变种种源试验初报

Primary Study on Provenance Test of Three Variants of Caribbean Pine

【目的】弥补当前加勒比松遗传范围窄的不足,拓宽其遗传基础,以利于开展加勒比松杂交育种进行种质创制。【方法】采用随机完全区组设计,将22个种源/种批的加勒比松3个变种、湿地松种质资源种植于广东省台山市红岭种子园,分别于种植后1年、4年调查生长量,将数据用于方差分析、多重比较、遗传参数估算、相关性分析等。【结果】不同树种(变种)、种源间生长差异极显著,到4 年生时,古巴加勒比松的保存率最低(44.76%),湿地松的保存率最高(74.95%)。对种源数量最多的洪都拉斯加勒比松进行遗传参数估算,结果显示树高、胸径、单株材积的广义遗传力介于0.8044~0.9822之间,表明开展洪都拉斯加勒比松种源选择可靠性较高。与台山湿地松对照相比,巴哈马加勒比松巴西种源的生长表现最好、单株材积增益达到72.73%,洪都拉斯加勒比松澳大利亚种源次之、单株材积增益为65.85%,而古巴加勒比松的3个种源单株材积增益均为负值,表明古巴加勒比松变种不适宜在台山种植。【结论】国内加勒比松资源由于遗传基础狭窄,其子代在生长方面开始出现衰退现象,本研究引进的巴哈马加勒比松和洪都拉斯加勒比松资源变异丰富,部分种源在台山生长表现优异,可一定程度拓宽国内加勒比松遗传基础,为湿加松新种质创制提供宝贵材料。

【Objective】This research aims to make up for the shortcomings of the current narrow genetic range of Caribbean pine,broaden its genetic basis,and facilitate the development of its hybrid breeding for germplasm innovation.【Method】With a randomized complete block design,22 provenances or batches of 3 Caribbean pine variants and slash pine germplasm were planted in Hongling Seed Orchard,Taishan City,Guangdong Province.Growth surveys were carried out after planting for 1 year and 4 years.The obtained data was used for variance analysis,multiple comparisons,genetic parameter estimation,correlation analysis and etc.【Result】The growth differences between different tree species (variants) and provenances were extremely significant.At the age of 4 years old,the preservation rate of Cuban Caribbean pine was the lowest (44.76%),and that of slash pine was the highest (74.95%).The genetic parameters of the Honduran Caribbean pine with the largest number of provenances were estimated,and the results showed that the general heritability of the tree height,DBH,and volume per plant of Honduran Caribbean pine was between 0.8044 and 0.9822,indicating that the provenance selection of Honduran Caribbean pine was relatively reliable.Compared with the Taishan provenance (CK),the Brazilian provenance of the Bahamas Caribbean pine had the best growth performance,with a single plant volume gain of 72.73%,followed by the Australian provenance of Honduran Caribbean pine,with a single plant volume gain of 65.85%.The single plant volume gains of the 3 provenances of Cuban Caribbean pine were all negative,indicating that Cuban Caribbean pine variety was not suitable for planting in Taishan.【Conclusion】Due to the narrow genetic basis of domestic Caribbean pine resources,the production of their offspring began to decline in growth.The Bahamian Caribbean pine and Honduran Caribbean pine resources introduced in this study were rich in variation.Some provenances had excellent growth performance in Taishan,which could broaden the genetic basis to a certain extent,and provide valuable materials for the creation of new germplasm of slash pine and Caribbean pine hybrid.