论僧肇哲学的意象之维

On the Yi-Xiang Perspective of Sengzhao’s Philosophy

僧肇哲学历来为学界所重视。从中国哲学发展的脉络看,僧肇的贡献是基于准确理解纯粹印度佛学的基础上,以中国式的思维和言语做了创造性的解读。但如何理解其诠释的特色,还需深入探讨。僧肇凭借对般若学、中观学准确把握,以及对老庄玄学的深厚积淀,通过意象式的思维成功地将纯粹的印度佛学思想转化为中国化的佛教哲学,并体现出魏晋南北朝佛学中国化的特质。以“意象关系”这一方法论层面思考僧肇哲学特质,可以表述为:否定生成关系的体用论,否定言象具有实指之能力,揭示出言象所指能指的断裂,论证出意的当下性、智觉性,在承认现实之局限性的存在之同时,迂曲的表达出言、象、意之“理想型”的圆融状态。

Sengzhao’s philosophy has always attracted much attention of the academia.From the historical perspective of Chinese philosophy,Sengzhao’s major contribution is that he interpreted creatively Indian Buddhism according to the Chinese mode of thinking and hermeneutics on the basis of accurate understanding.But the academia still lacks an incisive analysis of the features of his hermeneutics.With a good mastery of Prajāpāramitā,Madhyamaka and Laozi-Zhuangzi’s metaphysics,Sengzhao successfully transformed Indian Buddhism into Chinese Buddhism through imagery-based thinking with the Chinese characteristics of Buddhism of the Wei,the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Sengzhao’s philosophy in the methodological perspective of Yi-Xiang relationship has the following implications:it denies the Ti-Yong’s theory of generative relationships,denies the function of speech and image to express the true signification,reveals their fracture between signifier and signified,expounds the temporality and intellectuality of Yi,and demonstrates indirectly the ideal harmony of speech-Xiang-Yi while admitting the limitations in reality.