家庭生命周期、收入质量与农村家庭消费结构——基于子女异质视角下的家庭生命周期模型

Family Life Cycle,Income Quality and Rural Household Consumption Structure:An Analysis Based on the Family Life Cycle Model from the Perspective of Children’s Heterogeneity

本文构建了一个以子女特征为基础的家庭生命周期模型,并运用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)2015年的数据,检验了家庭生命周期对农村家庭消费结构的影响。研究发现:第一,随着子女数量增加,农村家庭的食品消费支出逐渐增加,而文娱消费支出逐渐减少。第二,整体而言,有女孩的家庭在日用品与衣物上的消费支出显著高于没有女孩的家庭。第三,在中青年阶段的家庭中,有男孩家庭的教育消费支出要高于没有男孩的家庭;而在中老年阶段的家庭中,有女孩或女孩较多的家庭在教育消费支出方面要高于没有女孩或女孩较少的家庭。第四,中青年家庭在交通、衣物与水电消费上的支出显著高于中老年家庭。第五,在中老年阶段的独生女儿家庭中,贫困户的高等教育消费支出显著低于非贫困户家庭;至多有两个孩子且有男孩的家庭对未来购房的意愿强烈。此外,本文验证了收入质量在家庭生命周期对食品消费、教育消费以及衣物消费的影响中起到了中介作用。

This article constructs a family life cycle model based on the characteristics of children,and uses the data of China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)in 2015 to test the impact of family life cycle on rural household consumption structure.The study finds that,first of all,with the increase in the number of children,the food consumption expenditure of rural families gradually increases,while the cultural and entertainment expenditure gradually decreases.Second,the consumption of daily necessities and clothing for girls’families is significantly higher than that for families without girls.Third,in the middle-aged and young households,the education consumption expenditure of boys’households is higher than that of no-boy households;in the middle-aged and elderly households,families with only girls or more girls have a higher level of education consumption expenditure than those without girls or families with fewer girls.Fourth,the transportation,clothing and water-electricity consumption expenditures in the middle-aged and young families are significantly higher than that of middle-aged and elderly families.Fifth,in the middle-aged and elderly families with only daughters,the consumption expenditure of education for poor households is significantly lower than that for non-poor households;families with at most two children and boys have a strong willingness to purchase houses in the future.At the same time,the study also verifies that income quality plays a mediating role in the impact of family life cycle on food consumption,education consumption and clothing consumption.