播期对藜麦主要农艺及品质性状的影响

Impact of Sowing Date on the Main Agronomic and Quality Traits of Quinoa

【目的】藜麦是唯一能够满足人体所有基本营养需求的植物,温度和降水对其生长发育的影响以及其重要组分的合成和积累尚未得到广泛研究,为此,研究播期对藜麦产量性状和品质的影响。【方法】以拢藜1号为材料,于2017年5月5日、5月15日、6月10日、9月10日、9月25日和11月10日在云南省芒市分6期进行播种,收获后分别测定其主要农艺和品质性状。【结果】低海拔高温高湿地区种植藜麦,可推迟播期避开高温高湿的雨季,幼苗壮实不倒伏,生育期延长,光照和光合时间增加,从而促使千粒质量和单株产量均大幅度增加;成熟期温度越高、降水量越大,类黄酮、可溶性蛋白质、维生素E和镁元素含量相对较低,总氨基酸含量则增加,而可溶性糖和锌元素含量变化幅度不大。【结论】低海拔、高温高湿环境不利于藜麦生长发育,也不利于成熟期大部分重要成分合成及产量形成。尽管芒市地处高温高湿地区,通过推迟播种,整个生育期的气温和降水即可基本满足藜麦正常生长发育要求,能有效提高藜麦的产量和大部分重要成分的含量。本研究为低海拔、高温高湿地区种植藜麦提供了重要的理论基础。

[Purpose]Quinoa is the only plant that can meet all the basic nutritional requirements of the human body.However,the effects of temperature on its growth and development,and on its synthesis and accumulation of important components has not been widely investigated.Therefore,the effect of temperature and precipitation on yield traits and nutritional quality of quinoa was studied.[Methods]Using‘LongLi 1’as the material,on May 5,May 15,June 10,September 10,September 25,and November 10,2017,seeding was carried out in Mangshi,Yunnan Province,in 6 stages,and agronomics traits,important ingredient content and microelement content were determined after harvest,respectively.[Results]The cultivation of quinoa in low-altitude with high-temperature and high-humidity areas should delay the sowing period and avoid the high-temperature and highhumidity rainy season.The seedlings did not undulated,the growth period was prolonged,the light hours and photosynthetic time were increased,which promotes the 1000-grain weight and the yield per plant.With the temperature and precipitation were during the creasing maturity period,the content of flavonoid,soluble protein,vitamin and magnesium relatively decreased,the total amino acid content increased,while the soluble sugar and zinc content did not changed.[Conclusion]The lowaltitude with high-temperature and high-humidity environment is not conducive to the growth,development,synthesis of most important components and formation of yield during maturity in quinoa.Despite being located in high temperature and high humidity areas,Mangshi can basically meet the normal growth and development requirements such as the temperature and precipitation during the whole growth period of quinoa by delaying the planting,which can effectively increase the yield and most important components of quinoa.This study provides an important theoretical basis and practical significance for planting and producing quinoa in low-altitude with high-temperature and high-humidity areas.