连古城国家级自然保护区的土壤多样性分布研究

Study on Soil Diversity of Liangucheng NationalNature Reserve Based on Terrain

【目的】研究连古城国家级自然保护区内不同地形下的土壤分布特征和土壤在空间尺度下的多样性。【方法】用生态学方法计算不同地形上土壤的丰富度、破碎度、多样性、均匀度与优势度等景观格局指数,用改进Shonnon公式计算网格尺度下土壤在空间分布的离散程度。【结果】连古城国家级自然保护区内土壤以流动风沙土为主,其面积最大且空间分布离散程度最高。不同地形上各类土壤的类型和空间分布都存在差异,从平原区、山地区、盆地区至丘陵区,土壤丰富度指数和多样性指数递减,土壤破碎度指数与均匀度指数先升高后降低;平原区及丘陵区土壤优势度指数高;空间分布离散程度表现为丘陵>山地>平原>盆地。【结论】流动风沙土为平原区、山地区和丘陵区的主要土壤类型;盆地区土壤分布均匀,破碎度高,无优势土壤。用景观生态学的观点来解释土壤多样性的结果,能更好地说明土壤分布的性质。

[Purpose]To explore the soil distribution characteristics and the diversity distribution at different topography in Liangucheng National Nature Reserve.[Method]Landscape pattern indices such as soil richness,fragmentation,diversity,evenness and dominance on different terrain were calculated by ecological method,and the spatial distribution dispersion of soil on grid scale was calculated by improved Shonnon’s formula.[Result]The soil in Liangucheng National Nature Reserve is mainly mobilized aeolian sandy soil,with the largest area and the highest spatial distribution dispersion.There are differences in soil quantity and spatial distribution on different topography.From plain area,mountain area,basin area to hilly area,soil richness index and Shannon’s diversity index decrease,soil fragmentation index and evenness index increase first and then decrease;the spatial distribution dispersion was hill>mountainous region>plain>basin.The spatial diversity index of soil in the basin is the highest after rising and declining.[Conclusion]The flowing aeolian sandy soil is thedominant soil in the plain area, the mountain area and the hilly area. The soil in the basin area isevenly distributed, with high degree of fragmentation and no dominant soil. Using landscape ecologyperspectives to explain the results of soil diversity, the results of the study can better illustrate thenature of soil distribution.