中国城市互助型社会养老——定位、模式与路径

Mutual-aid Social Service in Urban Areas of China: The Analysis of Orientation, Mode, and Path

互助型社会养老是一种基础性、多样化的社会养老服务保障供给方式。我国社会养老服务保障体系建设目前仍处于起步阶段,对于城市互助型社会养老的探索也主要集中于大城市、以精神慰藉服务为主,没有明确其基础性定位、充分发挥其在劳务型服务方面的低成本、高效益优势,以及互助保障、合作经济、共同体意义。本文通过对互助型社会养老进行概念厘定,并按照企业、非营利组织和社区互助组织三类运营主体,对城市互助型社会养老的典型模式进行比较分析,进而提出未来应着重探索城市互助组织、互助服务、互助保障的合理定位和合法规范。

In this paper, the concept of mutual-aid social elderly care is defined and based on the comparison and analysis of the typical models of urban mutual-aid social elderly care by the three types of operating entities, including enterprises, non-profit organizations, and community mutual aid organizations. The construction of China s social pension service security system is still in its infancy. The exploration of urban mutual assistance for social pensions is mainly concentrated in large cities, focusing on spiritual comfort services, without clarifying its basic positioning and giving full play to its labor-oriented services. The advantages of low-cost and high-efficiency, and the significance of mutual assistance, cooperative economy, and community. It is proposed that the future should focus on exploring the rational positioning and legal norms of urban mutual aid organizations, mutual aid services, and mutual aid guarantees.