从“农场”到“城市”——国有农场变迁中的产权交易和身份配置

From Farm to City:Property Rights Transactions and Identity Configuration in the Transition of State-owned Farms

城镇化是土地产权和个体身份重新配置的结果。本文提出“产权体制”概念,以指在产权交易过程中形成的一种相对稳定的非正式合作关系。城镇化过程中的产权体制包括两个重要的范畴——土地产权和身份产权,二者处于动态的配置和互动状态之中,城镇化通过产权的交易和配置逐步推进。基于Z省S市国有农场G的案例,本文提出了以产权体制解释城镇化过程的路径。国家通过产权配置推动城市化和经济发展,而农场职工、村民等不同主体则希望通过资源交换和权益让渡等实现自身利益最大化。城镇化是对原有基于土地和身份产权、社会组织方式所建立的产权体制的解构和重构。国有农场变迁的不同阶段反映了土地产权权属及身份权利分配的博弈过程,也折射出“单位制”组织的改革发展历程。

Urbanization is the result of the reconfiguration of land property rights and individual identities.The practice of property rights for urban and rural land resources is a key force influencing the development of urbanization.This article proposes the concept of“property rights regime”,which refers to a relatively stable informal cooperative relationship formed in the process of property rights transactions.The property rights regime in the process of urbanization includes two important categories:land property rights and identity property rights.Based on a case study of state-owned farm G,this paper shows how state promotes urbanization and economic development through the alliance of property rights,whilst different subjects such as farm workers and villagers hope to maximize their own interests through resource exchange and transfer of rights and interests.Urbanization is the deconstruction and reconstruction of the original property rights regime.The case of farm G reflect power relations within the distribution of land property rights and identity rights,as well as the reform and development process of the“danwei”system.