信赖原则对我国交通事故责任认定的制度功能

The Institutional Function of Trust Principle in the Determination of Responsibility for Traffic Accidents

在社会分工日益明确,社会生活风险日益显现的现代社会,原有的过失理论在处理过失犯罪特别是在交通领域力有不逮,不适应当下的实践需要。德日刑法的信赖原则作为限制过失责任的一种理论,合理地界定了行为人的注意义务,限缩了过失犯罪的界限,在德国和日本的司法实践中取得了良好的效果。我国传统的归责模式在交通事故领域存在一定的问题,因此有必要引入信赖原则对交通领域的刑事归责问题予以疏解。我国目前部分立法中已经有了信赖原则的初步体现,也具备了适用信赖原则的客观条件和理论基础,因此,应该积极在交通领域引入信赖原则,并合理界定其适用的界限,以期适应当下中国的现实需要。

In modern society with its increasingly definite division of labor and heightened risks in social life,the old fault liability theory has become inadequate,especially for cases concerning traffic accidents.The trust principle of German-Japanese criminal law,as a theory limiting fault liability,reasonably defines the perpetrator's duty of care,confines the coverage of negligent crime,and has achieved good results in the judicial practice of Germany and Japan.As the traditional mode of imputation in China has outstanding problems in cases of traffic accidents,it is necessary to introduce such a trust principle into it.With our objective conditions and theoretical basis ready for the application of the principle,there is already an initial embodiment of it in our legislation.What we should do is to actively introduce the trust principle into the field of transportation,and properly define its applicability in order to meet the actual needs of China at present.