当代乡土文学往何处去——基于乡土书写困境和发展趋势的思考

How Will Contemporary Local Literature Develop—Based on the Predicament and Development Trend of Local Writing

就中国当代乡土文学发展而言,似乎越来越陷入了书写困境,越来越难以获得评论界和读者的认可。很多人认为乡土的衰落必然导致乡土写作的困境,这样的理解,因果关系太弱,说服力不强。乡土社会的衰退感其实一直未曾被表达和被承认,并没有被整合进我们的文化体系中,这是造成乡土写作困境的重要原因。当下越来越多的乡土作品开始表现出了一种从文化而非现实角度切入乡土的写作意愿,带有了浓厚的人类学视野下的民族志或准民族志写作意味。这种写作对于摆脱乡土写作困境有着重要的意义,通过对乡土的“再经验化”,能够帮助乡土作家弥补日渐稀缺的经验,摆脱传统社会学视野下的乡土审视,重新理解乡土衰落。同时也能够完成对日常生活的“深描”,重拾塑造乡土生活的事件感、现场感。

As far as the development of Chinese contemporary local literature is concerned,it seems that it is more and more trapped in the writing dilemma,and it is more and more difficult to obtain the recognition of critics and readers.Many people think that the decline of local writing will inevitably lead to the plight of local writing.Such understanding of causality is too weak and persuasive.In fact,the sense of decline of local society has not been expressed and recognized,and has not been integrated into our cultural system,which is an important reason for the plight of local writing.At present,more and more local works begin to show a willingness to write from the perspective of culture rather than reality,with a strong anthropological vision of ethnography or quasi ethnography writing.This kind of writing is of great significance for them to get rid of the predicament of local writing.Through a new experience of the countryside,it can help local writers to save the increasingly scarce experience,get rid of the local examination in the traditional sociological vision,and re-understand the decline of local writing.At the same time,it can also complete the“deep description”of daily life and regain the sense of event and scene that shape local life.