后真相时代竞争性真相的谱系与策略

Genealogy and Strategy of Competitive Truth in the Post-Truth Era

一件事情通常不止一种真实的表述方式。现实生活中,片面真相、主观真相、人造真相、未知真相等竞争性真相无处不在、无时不有。真相本身具有复杂性,历史、背景、数字和故事是形成片面真相的主要因素。人们认识真相的过程具有局限性,尤其是个性化视角、镜框式认知和相对性理解的存在,道德观念、兴趣爱好、价值评估是主观真相的重要形式。在面对从无到有、主观创造、指向未来或超验世界的事物时,人们必然遭遇定义、社会建构、名字等人造真相和预测、信仰等未知真相。竞争性真相既可以被建设性地使用,以激发人们的兴趣、鼓励人们的行为,也可能被误导者利用,去实现不可告人的目的。在后真相时代,必须承认竞争性真相的真实性,重视竞争性真相的必然性,警惕误导性真相的破坏性,发挥竞争性真相的积极性,提高对竞争性真相的甄别力。

An event is usually described in multifarious ways,more than one way to its authenticity.In real life,competitive truth is ubiquitous all the time,including one-sided truth,subjective truth,man-made truth and unknown truth.The truth itself is complex,composed by history,background,figures and stories as the main factors to form one-sided truth.There are limitations in the process of people’s understanding of the truth,especially the existence of personalized perspective,mirror frame cognition and relative understanding.Moral concepts,interests and hobbies,and value evaluation are important forms of subjective truth.In the face of things that come from nothing,create subjectively,point to the future or transcendental world,people will inevitably encounter the artificial truth such as definition,social construction and name,and unknown truth such as prediction and belief.Competitive truth can be used constructively to stimulate people’s interest and encourage people’s behavior.It can also be used by misleaders to achieve ulterior purposes.In the post-truth era,it is necessary to recognize the authenticity of competitive truth,attach importance to the inevitability of competitive truth,guard against the destructiveness of misleading truth,give full play to the enthusiasm of competitive truth,and improve the discrimination ability of competitive truth.