超大城市流动人口积分落户参与和定居选择研究——兼谈积分落户政策实施成效与优化路径

Migrant Population’s Participation in Points-Based Registration and Settlement Choice in Megacities—Discussing the Implementation Effect and Optimization Path of the Points-Based Registration System

超大城市流动人口积分落户及定居意愿均偏低,且积分落户意愿普遍弱于定居意愿,表明现行积分落户政策对流动人口落户及定居激励作用有限,导向功能不足。学历、职业、收入等因素与流动人口积分落户意愿显著正相关,表明现行积分落户政策对低端流动人口确具筛除与排斥作用。现行居住证积分落户政策的突出弊端是在居住证和积分落户之间缺乏有序赋权体系,应以“居住证+N年限”赋权代替积分赋权,建立梯级赋权体系,加强流动人口属地化服务。建立投资经营、专业人才、普通劳动者三套积分落户指标体系,用分类积分落户代替综合性积分落户,以减免其过于向人才等倾斜之弊。

Migrant population is low in their willingness to get the hukou through point-based household registration system or settle down in megacities in China,and generally the former is weaker than the latter.This indicates that the current point-based household registration policy has limited stimulating effect on the willingness of migrant population to get the hukou or settle down in megacities,and the guiding function is insufficient.The factors of education,occupation,and income are significantly and positively related to the willingness of migrant population to get hukou,indicating that the current point-based household registration policy does have a screening and exclusion effect for low-end workers.The prominent drawback of the point-based household registration policy is the lack of an orderly weighting system between the residence permit and the hukou.The“residence permit+N duration”empowerment method should be used instead of the point-based method to establish a ladder empowerment system to strengthen the localization services of the migrant population.It is necessary to establish three sets of point-based household registration system for investment management,professional talents and ordinary laborers,and use the classification of points to settle in place of comprehensive points to reduce the disadvantages of preference to talents and wealthy people.