康德鉴赏判断的单阶反思结构——从审美活动中的“循环难题”谈起

The Single-level Reflective Structure of Kant's Judgment of Taste:Starting with the Circle Problem in Aesthetic Activity

康德的鉴赏理论面临“愉悦感”与“普遍有效性主张”这两个环节之间的“循环难题”。为了解决这一难题,解释者们提出了两种关于鉴赏判断结构的理论模型,“单阶理论”认为鉴赏判断是一种伴随着自我指涉的单一层次活动,“二阶理论”认为鉴赏判断包含两个不同层次的反思。只有前者才能解释审美愉悦的“单一连续性”特征,并且可以避免后者面临的心理主义、无穷后退等困境。因此“单阶理论”在描述鉴赏判断的结构、解决审美活动中的“循环难题”上比另一种理论更为可取。

Kant's theory of taste faces the circle problem between the two segments of pleasure feeling and the proposal of universal validity.To solve this problem,interpreters put forward two kinds of theoretical models about the structure of judgment of taste:the Single-level Theory thinks that the judgment of taste is a single level activity with a self reference while the Two-level Theory thinks that the judgment of taste includes two different levels of reflection.Only the former can interpret the property of single continuity of aesthetic pleasure and avoid the dilemmas like psychologism and infinite retreat faced by the later.Thus the Single-level Theory is more advisable than the other to describe the structure of the judgment of taste and solve the circle problem in aesthetic activity.